## Design Engineering

Mechanical designers work with engineers using computer design software to create from sketches and even field work, technical drawings for equipment, foundations, and facilities.

### Science Branches

Science
Applied Science
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Design Engineering

### Nomenclature & Symbols

• $$ACE$$  -  Architecture, Eengineering and Construction
• $$CTR$$  -  center
• $$C-C$$  -  center to center
• $$CL$$  -  centerline
• $$CAD$$  -  Computer Aided Design
• $$CADD$$  -  Computer Aided Design and Drafting
• $$CAE$$  -  Computer Aided Engineering
• $$CAM$$  -  Computer Aided Manufacturing
• $$DWG$$  -  drawing
• $$DES$$  -  designer
• $$DSGN$$  -  design
• $$EDA$$  -  Electronic Design Automation
• $$FLG$$  - flange
• $$HORIZ$$  -  horizontal
• $$NTS$$  -  not to scale
• $$OC$$  -  on center
• $$PDMS$$  -  pipe design management system
• $$PI$$&$$D$$  -  piping and instrumentation diagram
• $$PFD$$  -  process flow diagram
• $$REV$$  -  revision
• $$STD$$  -  standard
• $$VERT$$  -  vertical

## Design Engineering Glossary

### A

• Angle  -  Two rays sharing a common point.

### B

• Base point  -  The point on a parametric sketch that remains fixed to the coordinate system.
• Block diagram  -  A schematic drawing that shows the relationahip in a systen using simple shapes.

### C

• Center line  -  A linetype used to indicate the axis of symmetry of a hole or part.
• Circumscribed (outside)  -  A circle that touches every vertex.
• Coordinate  -  Any point on a plane.
• Coordinate plane  -  A plane having a horizontal and vertical axis number line intersecting at the origin.

### D

• Datum plane  -  A geometric reference point for parametric dimensions.
• Dimension line  -  A type of line used when applying dimension to a drawing.
• Design constraint  - A line on the range of options that is acceptable.
• Drawing revision  -  Drawings are typically released and revised as the design process progresses.  Depending on the companies engineering and construction requirements depends on how the drawings are releases.
• Dynamic assembly  -  An assembly model in which parts are linked to their individual part files so the software can update the assembly when individual part files are modified.

### E

• Electrical schedule  -  Tabulation of conduit, conductors and/ or cable quantities that are routed through various raceways for the purpose of connecting components of an electrical system.
• Equipment location plan  -  A drawing created to show the location of equipment relative to other pieces of equipment.
• Exploded  -  An assembly in which parts are moved out of position along a axis so that each individual part is visible.
• Export  -  To save data from one application in a file format that can be read by another software application.

### F

• Face  - A planar surface on an object bounded by edges when it intersects other surfaces.
• Flange  -  A flattened collor or rim around a cylindrical part to allow for attachment.

### G

• Global parameters  - Parameters that are common to more than one part in an assembly.

### H

• Hard copy  -  Printed or plotted materials.
• Hatch line  -  A series of parallel lines drawn on a diagonal to indicate a surface created by a cut.
• Hidden line  -  A type of line that represents an edge that is not directly visible because it is behind or beneath another surface.

### I

• Inscribed (inside)  -  A sphere that touches the center of every faces.
• Interface  -  The portion of a system or device used to interact with or control it.
• Intersection  -  The point at which two points or surfaces meet, or the area shared bt overlapping surfaces.

### L

• Limit tolerance  -  A tolerance that states the maximum and minimum allowable dimension, not the basic dimension value.
• Line designation  -  Flow lines should be labeled to show pipe size, line service identification, line number, line material, piping class and the line pressure rating.

### M

• Match line  -  A match line is used to denote a cut line between two or more drawings where the area is to large for one drawing.
• Machining scale  -  A steel ruler with its smallest divisions 0.01 inch apart.

### O

• Offset  -  The distance from an existing object at which a new object will be created.
• On plot  -  Large and/or complex facilities require demarcation between hazardous and nonhazardous areas.
• Over dimensioning  -  Showing the same dimension more than one way in the drawing.

### P

• Part drawings  -  Individual drawings prepared for each part that will be manufactured or modified for the project.
• Parting line  -  A line on a molded part where the two mold halves come togeather.
• Paper size  -  A plot size, drawing size or paper size is the size that the drawing is plotted on.

• Pipe design management system  -  Was developed by AVEVA formerly CAD Center in UK.  PDMS as it is known in the 3D CAD industry, is a customizable, multi-user and multi-discipline, engineer controlled design software package for engineering, design and construction projects in, but not limited to, offshore and onshore oil & gas industry, chemical & process plants, mining, pharmaceutical & food industry, power generation and paper industries.
• Piping and instrumentation diagram  -  In the design process, a piping and instrumentation diagram, abbreviated as P&ID, is created following the Block Flow Diagram and Process Flow Diagram.
• Piping and Instrumentation Diagram/How To  -  It is important that the Piping and Instrumentation Diagram contains all the information for the process because this is the basis for the Piping Design and HazOP.
• Process flow diagram  -  Shows the relationships between the major components of a system or process plant. The PFD is more detailed than a Block Flow Diagram but does not contain as much detail as Piping and Instrumentation Diagram P&IDs.

### S

• Schematic diagram  -  A schematic diagram or elementary diagram shows every wire and device involved in the control of an electrical load.
• Service classification  -  Service class is a one to three letter designation that shows what service the line is in.  It is typically shown on a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram as part of the line numbering system.
• Solid modeling  -  A type of 3D modeling that represents the volume of an object, not just its lines and surfaces.
• Static assembly  -  An assembly that does not update when individual part files change.
• Storyboard  -  Pictures that dipict the sequence and composition of key events in an animation.
• Subassembly  -  A group of parts that fit togeather to create one functional unit.
• Surface modeling  -  A three-dimensional modeling that defines only surfaces and edges.
• System variables  -  Settings that control the default operation of a CAD package.

### T

• Template  -  A drawing with certain settins that can be used repeatedly as the basis for starting a new drawing.

### U

• Update  -  To regenerate the model or drawing using any new dimension values or changed perameters.
• User coordinate system  -  A coordinate system defined by the user to assist in creating CAD geometry.

### V

• Vanishing point  -  A location where the projections converge in a perspective drawing.
• Vertex  -  A point where two or more curves, edges, or lines meet.

### W

• Wiring diagram  -  The purpose of wiring diagrams are to provide the installer with the information required for terminating the individual conductors at various points.
• Working drawing  -  Drawings that convey all the information needed to manufacture and assemble a design.

### Z

Display #
Title
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram/How To
Process Flow Diagram