| Carbon |
|---|
|
Physical Properties
Color - Black
Odor - Odorless
Density - \(0.00004137 \; lbm/in^3 \; (0.001145 \; g/cc )\)
Specific Service Area - \(1.0 \; m^2/g \; (1.0 \; m^2/g )\)
Molecular Weight - \(28.013 \; g/mol\)
Chemical Properties
Atomic Mass - 12.0107
Atomic Number - 6
Chemical Formula - \(C_3 \; H_8\)
State of Matter - Solid
Flammability - Non Flammable
Critical Pressure - \(77500 \; torr \; (103 \; bar)\)
Critical Temperature - \(8118 \; F^\circ \; (4492 \; C^\circ)\)
Electronegativity - 2.55
Mechanical Properties
Hardness - 1.0 - 2.0
Tensile Modulus - \(696 \; ksi \; (4.80 \; GPa)\)
Electrical Properties
Electrical Resistivity - \(0.00600 \; ohm-cm \; (0.00600 \; ohm-cm)\)
Thermal Properties
Melting Point - \(6422 \; F^\circ \; (3550 \; C^\circ)\)
Boiling Point - \(8721 \; F^\circ \; (4827 \; C^\circ)\)
Heat of Fusion - \(4191 \; BTU/lb \; (9741 \; J/g)\)
Specific Heat Capacity - \(0.1691 \; BTU/lbF^\circ \; (0.7077 \; J/gC^\circ )\)
Thermal Conductivity - \(167 \; BTUin/hrft^3F^\circ \; (24 \; W/mK )\)
Sublimation Temperature - \(6600 \; F^\circ \; (3650 \; C^\circ)\)
Optical Properties
Emissivity - 0.90
|
Carbon is a chemical element, denoted by the symbol C, that forms the backbone of all known life on Earth. It's a nonmetal and belongs to Group 14 of the periodic table. What makes carbon so unique is its ability to form a vast array of stable bonds with other carbon atoms and with many other elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. This exceptional bonding versatility allows carbon to create incredibly diverse and complex structures, ranging from the simple methane molecule to the intricate macromolecules that make up living organisms, such as DNA and proteins. It exists in various allotropes, including diamond (one of the hardest known materials), graphite (a soft, conductive material), and fullerenes (cage-like structures), each with distinct properties due to different atomic arrangements. Carbon is continually cycled through the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, rocks, and living organisms, playing a crucial role in the planet's climate and biological processes.
