| Gypsum |
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Physical Properties
Color - White to Gray
Odor - Milky or Chalky
Density - \(0.0838 \; lbm/in^3 \; (2.32 \; g/cc )\)
Solubility - 1750-2150 \; ppm \;(1750-2150 \; ppm)
Molar Mass - \(172.17 \; g/mol \;(172.17 \; g/mol)\)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula - \(CaSo_4 \cdot 2H_2O\)
State of Matter - Solid
Flammability - Non-Flammable
Mechanical Properties
Hardness, Knoop - \(46-54 \;(46-54 )\)
Hardness, Vickers - \(60 \;(60 )\)
Hardness, Mohs - \(2.0 \;(2.0 )\)
Drilling Hardness - \(8.3 \;(8.3 )\)
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Gypsum is a soft, naturally occurring mineral composed primarily of calcium sulfate dihydrate \(CaSo_4 \cdot 2H_2O\), found in sedimentary rock formations across the globe. It typically appears as translucent or opaque crystals, ranging in color from white to gray, or sometimes with tints of yellow, red, or brown, depending on impurities. Gypsum forms through the evaporation of saline water in ancient seabeds or lakebeds, where sulfate and calcium ions combine to create crystalline deposits over time.
Widely valued for its versatility, gypsum is a key ingredient in construction materials, such as drywall and plaster, due to its fire-resistant properties and ease of processing. It is also used in agriculture to improve soil structure and as a component in cement production. Additionally, gypsum plays a role in various industrial applications, including the creation of molds for ceramics and as a filler in products like paint and toothpaste. Its abundance, affordability, and diverse applications make it an essential resource in multiple industries.
