Tensile Load Formula |
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\( \sigma_t \;=\; \dfrac{ F }{A_c }\) (Tensile Load) \( F \;=\; \sigma_t \cdot A_c \) \( A_c \;=\; \dfrac{ F }{ \sigma_t }\) |
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| Symbol | English | Metric |
| \( \sigma_t \) (Greek symbol sigma) = Tensile Load | \(lbf\;/\;in^2\) | \(Pa\) |
| \( F \) = Applied Force | \( lbf \) | \(N\) |
| \( A_c \) = Area Cross-section | \( ft^2\) | \(m^2\) |
Tensile load, abbreviated as \( \sigma_t \) (Greek symbol sigma), is a broader term that describes the general process of subjecting a material to forces that tend to elongate or pull it apart, inducing tensile stress that increases its length while reducing its cross-sectional area. This type of loading is essential in materials science and engineering for assessing how materials behave under pulling forces, such as in cables, rods, or structural components. It encompasses a range of applications, from everyday static scenarios to dynamic or cyclic conditions, and is measured through properties like ultimate tensile strength, the maximum stress before fracture and yield strength, where permanent deformation begins.
Static tensile load, abbreviated as \( \sigma_{st} \) (Greek symbol sigma), refers to a condition in which a tensile (pulling) force is applied to a material or structural component slowly and remains constant or changes very gradually over time. Under static tensile load, inertia and dynamic effects are negligible, so the material’s response depends primarily on its elastic and plastic properties. This type of load is commonly used in standard tensile tests, where a specimen is pulled at a controlled, low strain rate to determine properties such as Young’s modulus, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation at fracture.
