Urban Drainage

Urban drainage is a system of managing and controlling the flow of surface water, typically rainwater or stormwater, in urban environments.  In cities and towns, where a large portion of the ground is covered by impermeable surfaces like roads, rooftops, and pavements, rainwater cannot naturally infiltrate the soil. Instead, it runs off, potentially causing flooding, pollution, and erosion.  Urban drainage systems are designed to collect, transport, and dispose of this excess water to reduce these risks and protect infrastructure, property, and ecosystems.

Urban drainage is a major aspect of city planning, especially in areas prone to heavy rainfall or flooding, and helps to protect the environment by reducing pollution in natural water bodies caused by urban runoff.  The components of urban drainage systems typically include:

Stormwater Drains  -  Underground pipes or open channels that collect runoff from streets and paved areas.

Sewers  -  Some urban drainage systems combine both wastewater and stormwater (combined sewers), while others separate them.

Retention and Detention Ponds  -  These are basins that temporarily store excess water and release it slowly to reduce flooding.

Green Infrastructure  -  Features like green roofs, permeable pavements, and rain gardens that allow water to infiltrate the ground, reducing runoff volume.

Flood Control Measures  -  Dams, levees, or retention areas designed to control large volumes of water during heavy rainfall or storm events.