Water hammer flow velocity is the speed at which a pressure wave travels through a fluid (typically water) in a pipe system when there is a sudden change in flow, such as when a valve is quickly closed or opened.
Water Hammer Flow Velocity Formula |
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| \( v \;=\; \dfrac{ ( p_{inc} - p_i ) \cdot t }{ 0.070 \cdot l }\) | ||
| Symbol | English | Metric |
| \( v \) = flow velocity | \(ft \;/\;sec\) | - |
| \( p_{inc} \) = pressure increase | \(lbf \;/\; in^2\) | - |
| \( p_i \) = inlet pressure | \(lbf \;/\; in^2\) | - |
| \( t \) = valve closing time | \(sec\) | - |
| \( l \) = upstream pipe length | \(ft\) | - |
