Resonance is a phenomenon that occurs in an electric circuit when the inductive and capacitive reactances become equal in magnitude, causing the circuit to oscillate at a specific frequency known as the resonant frequency. In such a state, the circuit achieves maximum energy transfer or amplitude of current or voltage, depending on the configuration, due to the cancellation of the inductive reactance (which opposes changes in current) by the capacitive reactance (which opposes changes in voltage). This balance allows the circuit to efficiently store and exchange energy between the inductor and capacitor, often resulting in a sharp peak in the circuit's response at the resonant frequency. Resonance is commonly observed in AC circuits, particularly in applications like radio receivers, where tuning circuits are designed to resonate at specific frequencies to select desired signals. Electrical resonance is critical in technologies such as filters, oscillators, and antennas, but it must be carefully managed to avoid unwanted effects like excessive voltage or current that could damage components.
