Softened Water

Softened water is water that has undergone a process called water softening to reduce its hardness.  Hard water is water that contains high levels of minerals, primarily calcium and magnesium ions.  These minerals can cause various issues, such as scale buildup in pipes and appliances, reduced soap lathering, and the formation of soap scum.

a brief overview of the water softening process

Water softening is typically achieved through the use of water softeners.

• Ion Exchange  -
  
  •  The most common method of water softening involves ion exchange.  Water softeners contain resin beads that are coated with sodium ions.
  •  As hard water passes through the resin bed, calcium and magnesium ions in the water are attracted to the resin beads, and the sodium ions are released into the water.
• Ion Exchange  -
  
  • Over time, the resin beads become saturated with calcium and magnesium ions, and the water softener needs to be regenerated.
  • During regeneration, a brine solution (high in sodium chloride or potassium chloride) is flushed through the resin bed.  The sodium ions in the brine solution replace the calcium and magnesium ions on the resin beads.
• Discharge of Waste Water  -  The regeneration process results in the production of a brine waste solution containing the displaced calcium and magnesium ions.  This solution is typically flushed out of the system.

The benefits of using softened water

• Reduced Scale Formation  -  Softened water helps prevent the buildup of scale in pipes, appliances, and water heaters, which can improve their efficiency and extend their lifespan.
• Improved Soap Efficiency  -  Softened water lathers more easily with soap, leading to improved cleaning efficiency and reduced soap usage.
• Softer Skin and Hair  -  Bathing in softened water can leave the skin and hair feeling softer and less dry.

However, it's important to note that while water softening can offer several advantages, some individuals may prefer to have a certain level of minerals in their water for taste reasons, and softened water may not be suitable for drinking in such cases.  Additionally, the discharge of brine during the regeneration process can raise environmental concerns, so proper disposal practices are essential.