| Toluene |
|---|
|
Physical Properties
Color - Colorless
Odor - Sweet and Pungent Odor
Density - \(0.03132 \; lbm/in^3 \;\)@\(\; 68 \; F^\circ \; (0.8669 \; g/cc \;\)@\(\; 20 \; C^\circ)\)
Viscosity - \(0.56 \; cP \;\)@\(\; 77 \; F^\circ \; (0.56 \; cP \;\)@\(\; 25 \; C^\circ)\)
Molar Mass - \(92.14 \; g/mol \;(92.14 \; g/mol)\)
Vapor Pressure - \(21.835 \; torr \;\)@\(\; 68 \; F^\circ \; (0.029111 \;bar \;\)@\(\; 20 \; C^\circ)\)
Surface Tension - \(27.93 \; dynes/cm \;\)@\(\; 77 \; F^\circ \;(27.93 \; dynes/cm \;\)@\(\; 25 \; C^\circ) \)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula - \(C_6H_5CH_3H\)
State of Matter - Liquid
Flammability - Highly Flammable
Electrical Properties
Dielectric Constant - \(2.379 \;(2.379)\)
Thermal Properties
Melting Point - \(-139 \; F^\circ \; (-95 \; C^\circ)\)
Boiling Point - \(231.1 \; F^\circ \; (110.6 \; C^\circ)\)
Flash Point - \(40 \; F^\circ \; (4 \; C^\circ)\)
Autoignition Temp. - \(896 \; F^\circ \; (480 \; C^\circ)\)
LFL - \(1.1\)%
UFL - \(7.1\)%
PEL - \(200 \; ppm\)
Heat of Fusion - \(31.00 \; BTU/lb \; (72.06 \; J/g)\)
Heat of Vaporization - \(154.9 \; BTU/lb \; (360.1 \; J/g)\)
Specific Heat Capacity - \(0.3812 \; BTU/lbF^\circ \;\)@\(\; 77 \; F^\circ \; (1.595 \; J/gC^\circ \;\)@\(\; 25 \; C^\circ )\)
Thermal Conductivity - \(0.9098 \; BTUin/hrft^3F^\circ \;\)@\(\; 77 \; F^\circ \; (0.1311 \; W/mK \;\)@\(\; 25 \; C^\circ )\)
Optical Properties
Refractive Index - \(1.4961 \;\)@\(\; 68 \; F^\circ \; \lambda \; 589.3 \; mm \; (1.4961 \;\)@\(\; 20 \; C^\circ \; \lambda \; 589.3 \; mm)\)
|
Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive, sweet, and pungent odor often associated with paint thinners. It is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula \(C_6H_5CH_3 H\), meaning it consists of a benzene ring with a methyl \(CH_3\) group attached. Toluene is naturally present in crude oil and is produced as a byproduct in the manufacturing of gasoline and coke from coal.
Due to its excellent solvent properties, toluene is widely used in various industries. It serves as a solvent in paints, lacquers, inks, adhesives, and rubber, and is found in many consumer products like nail polish removers and cleaning agents. It is also a key component in gasoline, where it helps improve octane ratings. Furthermore, toluene is a crucial industrial feedstock for producing other chemicals such as benzene, trinitrotoluene (TNT), nylon, plastics, and polyurethanes. While less toxic than benzene, exposure to toluene can still pose health risks, primarily affecting the central nervous system, and it is flammable.
