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Nickel

 

Nickel
Physical Properties
Color  -  Silver White
Odor  -  No Odor
Density -  \(0.321 \; lb/in^3 \;(8.88 \; g/cc)\)
Chemical Properties
Atomic Number  -  \(28\)
Chemical Formula  -  \(N\)
Atomic Mass  -  \(58.6934 \; g/mol \;(58.6934 \; g/mol)\)
State of Matter  -  Solid
Flammability  -  Non Flammable
Electrical Properties
Dielectric Constant  -  \(2.015 \;(2.015)\)
Mechanical Properties
Ultimate Tensile Strength  -  \(6533 \; psi \; (45.0 \; MPa)\)
Yield Tensile Strength  -  \(8560 \; psi \; (59.0 \; MPa)\)
Elongation at Break  -  \(30\)% \(\;(20 )\)%
Elastic Modulus  -  \(30000 \; ksi \; (207 \; GPa)\)
Poisson's Ratio  -  \(0.31 \; (0.31 )\)
Shear Modulus  -  \(11000 \; ksi \; (76.0 \; GPa)\)
Thermal Properties
Melting Point  -  \(2651 \; F^\circ \; (1455 \; C^\circ)\)
Boiling Point  -  \(5275 \; F^\circ \; (2913 \; C^\circ)\)
Autoignition Temp.  -  \(752 \; F^\circ \; (400 \; C^\circ)\)
Heat of Fusion  -  \(131.5 \; BTU/lb \; (305.6 \; J/g)\)
Heat of Vaporization  -  \(2522 \; BTU/lb \; (5862 \; J/g)\)
Specific Heat Capacity  -  \(0.110 \; BTU/lbF^\circ \; (0.460 \; J/gC^\circ )\)
Thermal Conductivity  -  \(421 \; BTUin/hrft^3F^\circ \; (60.7 \; W/mK )\)
Optical Properties
Emissivity (o-1)  -  \(0.080 \;\)@\(\; 392-752 \; F^\circ \; (0.080 \;\)@\(\; 200-400 \; C^\circ)\)
Nickel \((N)\) is a silvery-white, lustrous transition metal with a slight golden tinge, known for its hardness, ductility, and malleability.  It is the 28th element on the periodic table and is highly valued for its exceptional resistance to corrosion and oxidation, even at high temperatures.  Nickel is also a good conductor of heat and electricity and is one of only four elements (along with iron, cobalt, and gadolinium) that are ferromagnetic at room temperature, meaning they can be easily magnetized.

Found naturally in the Earth's crust and core, nickel is the fifth most common element on Earth.  It is often found in mineral ores like nickel sulfides and laterites, and is also a significant component of meteorites and deep-sea manganese nodules.  Due to its unique combination of properties, nickel is rarely used in its pure form, but rather as an essential alloying agent. Its primary use is in the production of stainless and heat-resisting steels, where it significantly enhances strength, ductility, and resistance to harsh environments.  Beyond steel, nickel is crucial for various high-performance alloys used in industries such as aerospace, marine, and power generation.  It's also vital in the production of rechargeable batteries, particularly for electric vehicles, and is used in electroplating for protective coatings, as well as in catalysts for chemical processes.

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