Free-space Path Loss (Wavelength) formula |
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| \( FSPL \;=\; \left( \dfrac{ 4 \cdot \pi \cdot d }{ \lambda } \right)^2 \) | ||
| Symbol | English | Metric |
| \( FSPL \) = Free-space Path Loss | \(dB\) | \(dB\) |
| \( \pi \) = Pi | \(3.141 592 653 ...\) | \(3.141 592 653 ...\) |
| \( d \) = Distance from Transmitter | \(ft\) | \(m\) |
| \( \lambda \) (Greek Symbol lambda) = Signal Wavelength | \(ft\) | \(m\) |
Free-space path loss (Wavelength), abbreviated as \(FSPL\), is the attenuation or reduction in signal strength that occurs as an electromagnetic wave travels through free space over a given distance, expressed in terms of its wavelength rather than frequency. This loss happens because the energy radiated by an antenna spreads out uniformly in all directions, causing the power to weaken as the distance from the source increases.
The free-space path loss is inversely related to the square of the wavelength, meaning that longer wavelengths (lower frequencies) experience less path loss, while shorter wavelengths (higher frequencies) experience more. This relationship helps engineers understand how different wavelengths affect signal transmission, especially in applications like satellite links, radar systems, and wireless communications.
