Thermal Expansion of an Element

Thermal expansion refers to the tendency of matter to change its shape, area, and volume in response to a change in temperature.  This is a result of the fact that the particles in a substance vibrate more rapidly as the temperature increases, leading to an increase in the average distance between the particles.  Different materials have different coefficients of expansion, and these coefficients can be experimentally determined for various substances.  It's essential to consider thermal expansion in applications where dimensional changes due to temperature fluctuations may impact the performance of a system or structure.

Thermal Expansion of an Element
Element Name	Element Symbol	Thermal Expansion  \(K^{-1}\)
Actinium	Ac	N/A
Aluminum	Al	0.0000231
Americium	Am	N/A
Antimony	Sb	0.000011
Argon	Ar	N/A
Arsenic	As	N/A
Astatine	At	N/A
Barium	Ba	0.0000206
Berkelium	Bk	N/A
Beryllium	Be	0.0000113
Bismuth	Bi	0.0000134
Bohrium	Bh	N/A
Boron	B	N/A
Bromine	Br	N/A
Cadmium	Cd	0.0000308
Caesium	Cs	N/A
Calcium	Ca	0.0000223
Californium	Cf	N/A
Carbon	C	\(7.1 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Cerium	Ce	\(6.3 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Chlorine	Cl	N/A
Chromium	Cr	\(4.9 x 10^{-6}\)
Cobalt	Co	0.000013
Copper	Cu	0.0000165
Curium	Cm	N/A
Darmstadtium	Ds	N/A
Dubnium	Db	N/A
Dysprosium	Dy	0.00001
Einsteinium	Es	N/A
Erbium	Er	0.0000122
Europium	Eu	70.000035
Fermium	Fm	N/A
Fluorine	F	N/A
Francium	Fr	N/A
Gadolinium	Gd	\(9.4 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Gallium	Ga	0.00012
Germanium	Ge	\(6 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Gold	Au	0.0000142
Hafnium	Hf	\(5.9 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Hassium	Hs	N/A
Helium	He	N/A
Holmium	Ho	0.0000112
Hydrogen	H	N/A
Indium	In	0.0000321
Iodine	I	N/A
Iridium	Ir	\(6.4 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Iron	Fe	0.0000118
Krypton	Kr	N/A
Lanthanum	La	0.0000121
Lawrencium	Lr	N/A
Lead	Pb	0.0000289
Lithium	Li	0.000046
Lutetium	Lu	0.00001
Magnesium	Mg	0.0000248
Manganese	Mn	0.000021
Meitnerium	Mt	N/A
Mendelevium	Md	N/A
Mercury	Hg	0.000181
Molybdenum	Mo	\(4.8 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Neodymium	Nd	\(9.6 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Neon	Ne	N/A
Neptunium	Np	N/A
Nickel	Ni	0.0000134
Niobium	Nb	\(7.3 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Nitrogen	N	N/A
Nobelium	No	N/A
Osmium	Os	\(5.1 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Oxygen	O	N/A
Palladium	Pd	0.0000118
Phosphorus	P	N/A
Platinum	Pt	\(8.9 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Plutonium	Pu	N/A
Polonium	Po	N/A
Potassium	K	N/A
Praseodymium	Pr	\(6.7 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Promethium	Pm	0.000011
Protactinium	Pa	N/A
Radium	Ra	N/A
Radon	Rn	N/A
Rhenium	Re	\(6.2 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Rhodium	Rh	\(8 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Roentgenium	Rg	N/A
Rubidium	Rb	N/A
Ruthenium	Ru	\(6.4 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Rutherfordium	Rf	N/A
Samarium	Sm	0.0000127
Scandium	Sc	0.0000102
Seaborgium	Sg	N/A
Selenium	Se	N/A
Silicon	Si	\(2.6 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Silver	Ag	0.0000189
Sodium	Na	0.00007
Strontium	Sr	0.0000225
Sulfur	S	N/A
Tantalum	Ta	\(6.3 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Technetium	Tc	N/A
Tellurium	Te	N/A
Terbium	Tb	0.0000103
Thallium	Tl	0.0000299
Thorium	Th	0.000011
Thulium	Tm	0.0000133
Tin	Sn	0.000022
Titanium	Ti	\(8.6 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Tungsten	W	\(4.5 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Ununbium	Uub	N/A
Ununhexium	Uuh	N/A
Ununoctium	Uuo	N/A
Ununpentium	Uup	N/A
Ununquadium	Uuq	N/A
Ununseptium	Uus	N/A
Ununtrium	Uut	N/A
Uranium	U	0.0000139
Vanadium	V	\(8.4 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Xenon	Xe	N/A
Ytterbium	Yb	0.0000263
Yttrium	Y	0.0000106
Zinc	Zn	0.0000302
Zirconium	Zr	\(5.7 \;x\; 10^{-6}\)
Element Name	Element Symbol	Thermal Expansion  \(K^{-1}\)