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- Butane - An alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula \(C_4H_{10}\). It exists as two structural isomers: n-butane, which has a straight chain of four carbon atoms, and isobutane, which has a branched structure. Both isomers are highly flammable, colorless gases that are easily liquefied under pressure and readily vaporize at room temperature.
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- Cetane - Cetane, chemically known as n-hexadecane, is a colorless, straight-chain hydrocarbon with the chemical formula \(C_{16}H_{34}\). Its primary significance lies in its role as the benchmark for measuring the ignition quality of diesel fuel.
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- Ethane - The second simplest alkane hydrocarbon, composed of two carbon atoms connected by a single bond, with each carbon atom also bonded to three hydrogen atoms, resulting in the chemical formula \(C_2H_6\). Like methane and butane, it is a colorless, odorless, and highly flammable gas at standard temperature and pressure.
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- Methane - The simplest alkane hydrocarbon, consisting of a single carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms, giving it the chemical formula \(CH_4\). It is a colorless, odorless, and highly flammable gas that is the main component of natural gas, making it a crucial fossil fuel for electricity generation, heating, and industrial processes.
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- Propane - An alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula \(C_3H_8\), consisting of three carbon atoms bonded in a straight chain, with the remaining valencies satisfied by eight hydrogen atoms. It is a colorless, odorless, and highly flammable gas that is most commonly known as a primary component of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), alongside butane.
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