Nodal Delay

    

Nodal Delay Formula
\( D_{noda} \;=\; D_{prop} + D_{tran} + D_{queu} + D_{proc} \)
Symbol	English	Metric
\( D_{noda} \) = Total Nodal Delay	-	\(ms\)
\( D_{prop} \) = Propagation Delay	-	\(ms\)
\( D_{tran} \) = Transmission Delay	-	\(ms\)
\( D_{queu} \) = Queuing Delay	-	\(ms\)
\( D_{proc} \) = Processing Delay	-	\(ms\)

Nodal delay is the time a data packet spends at a particular network node before moving on to the next hop in its path.  This delay can arise from several factors:

Processing Delay  -  The time taken by routers and switches to process the packet header, perform routing decisions, and handle error checking.
Queuing Delay  -  The time a packet spends waiting in the queues of routers and switches before being transmitted, which can vary depending on network congestion.
Transmission Delay  -  The time taken to push all the packet's bits onto the transmission medium (dependent on the packet size and the transmission rate).
Propagation Delay  -  The time taken for a signal to propagate across the physical medium between devices (based on distance and speed of signal propagation).