Instrumentation & Controls
Instrumentation is the ability to control a process by measuring the value or the parameters set for the process. This can include control, flow, level, pressure and temperature.
Instrumentation & Controls standards
API Standards
- API RP 521 - Guides for Pressure Relief and Depression Systems
- API RP 550 - Manual on Instrumentation of Refinery Instruments and Control Systems
- API RP 551 - Process Measurement Instrumentation
- API RP 552 - Transmission Systems
- API RP 554 - Process Instruments and Controls
- API RP 598 - Valve Inspection and Testing
ISA Standards
- ISA 5 - Documentation of Measurement, and Control Instruments and Systems
- ISA 5.1 - Instrimentation Symbols and Identification
- ISA 12 - Electrical Equipment for Hazardous Locations
- ISA 18 - Instrument Signals and Alarms
- ISA 37 - Instrument Transducers
- ISA 50 - Signal Compatibility of Electrical Instruments
- ISA 60 - Control Centers
- ISA 75 - Control Valve Standards
- ISA 82 - Electrical and Electronic Instrumentation
- ISA 90 - Instrumentation and Computer Grounding
- ISA 91 - Criticality Ranking for Instrumentation
- ISA 99 - Industrial Automation and Control Systems Security
- ISA 100 - Wireless Systems for Automation
- ISA 101 - Human-Machine Interface
- ISA 104 - Device Integration
- ISA 106 - Process Automation for Continuous Process Operations
- ISA 107 - Advanced Measurement Techniques for Gas Turbine Engines
- ISA 108 - Intelligent Device Management
Instrumentation & Controls Glossary
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- Analog - A continuous electronic variable signal caring information.
- Analog Output - A signal coming from a PLC into an instrument or controller.
- Automatic Well Test - Specified as on instrument bubbles on Piping and Instrumentation Diagram.
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- Car Seal - Specified on instrument bubbles on Piping and Instrumentation Diagram.
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- Differential Pressure Flowmeter - There are many different types of instruments for measuring pressure. The functions of these instruments are to monitor and control pressure in a process stream.
- Differential Set Pressure - The pressure difference between the set pressure and constant back pressure.
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Discrete Input - Relative to the device that reads either a TRUE or a FALSE, 1 or 0, or ON of OFF as an input signal.
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- Flow Quality Indicating Transmitter - , abbreviated as FQIT, is an instrument that is used for measuring the amount of a liquid and a gas in two pase flow.
- Flow Switch - Provides a discrete input to the PLC. The flow switch is typically used as a method of control in tanks, vessels, pumps and other types of process equipment.
- Flowmeter - An instrument used to measure the flow rate of gasses and liquids.
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- Meter - A device that provides a measurement for the flow change in a gas or liquid.
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- Orifice Discharge Coefficient - The ratio of actual discharge to the theoretical discharge.
- Orifice Flange - Meters the volumetric flow rate of liquids and gasses through a pipe. Two orifice flanges are called an orifice flange union.
- Orifice Flow Rate - The amount of fluid that flows in a given time.
- Orifice Plate - Measures the flow of a liquid or gas by the difference in pressure from the upstream to the downstream.
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- Position Switch - Provides a discrete input to the PLC. The position switch is used to confirm the position of a critical component in the process, often a valve.
- Pressure Differential Transmitter - Measures the difference between a high pressure input and a low pressure input. This can be used to measure process properties such as flow, density, level, viscosity and temperature.
- Pressure Indicating Transmitter -, abbreviated as PT and PIT, is an instrument for measuring, controlling and indicating positive, negative or differential pressures of different fluids.
- Pressure Indicator - It is a field instrument that requires little to no maintenance.
- Pressure Switch - A discrete input to the PLC. The pressure switch is typically used as a method of control in tanks, vessels and over all process control.
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- Resistance Temperature Detectors - A sensor used to measure temperature by correlating the resistance of the element with temperature.
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- Temperature Controller - An instrument designed to minimize operator input or involvement. A temperature controller has an input that is connected to a temperature source such as an RTD or other type of temperature element.
- Temperature Differential Switch - Contains the same functionality of a temperature switch with the exception that it is looking for the difference of temperature rather than a single input.
- Temperature Recorder - A device that records the temperature of a process. This could be a data logger or a temperature transmitter capable of storing data.
- Temperature Switch - Provides alarm, shutdown and control for many types of processes. Switch that activates when a certain temperature condition is met.
- Thermowell - Used in temperature measurement and provide isolation from the temperature sensor and the process fluid.
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