Abrasion is a mechanical weathering process that involves the grinding and wearing down of rocks and other surfaces by the friction or impact of solid particles carried by wind, water, ice, or gravity. These particles, such as sand, pebbles, or even larger rocks, act as abrasive agents, constantly rubbing against the surface, leading to the removal of material. The effectiveness of abrasion depends on several factors, including the hardness and angularity of the abrasive particles, the velocity and concentration of their movement, and the susceptibility of the surface being abraded. Over time, abrasion can significantly alter landscapes, creating features like polished rock surfaces, potholes in riverbeds, or ventifacts in deserts, and it plays a crucial role in the erosion and transportation of sediment.
