Mathematics Glossary

on 04 December 2024. Posted in Mathematics

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Algebra - Uses letters or symbols as a place holder for unknown values or numbers. These variables are used to represent relationships and to solve equations.
Analysis - The approximation of certain mathematical objects, like numbers or fractions.
Applied Mathematics - Applies programs that typically involve a wider range of study to problems that arise in various areas.
Arithmetic - The study of numbers and the properties of their operations.

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Biomathematics - The mathematical way to study biology and medicine.

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Calculate - Determines the amount or number of something using mathematical methods.
Calculus - The study of how things change.
Chaos Theory - Deals with complex systems whose behavior is highly sensitive to slight change in conditions.
Combinatorics - Concerned with the number of ways of choosing some objects out of a collection.
Computation - A calculation that includes borh arithmetical and non-arithmetical steps and follows a defined method.
Computational Statistics - The interface between statistics and computer science.
Constant - Something continuing forever or for an indefinitely long time.
Continuous - Deals with connected objects. Connected objects are those which are not seperated from each other, such as set of real numbers.
Cryptography - The secret writing with the intention fo keeping the data secret.
Counting - The action of finding the number of elements of a finite set of objects.

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Derivative - A derivative is a basic tool of calculus. It is a variable that measures the rate of change of the function value (output value) with respect to a change in its argument (input value). Example: acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, therefore, acceleration is the derivative of velocity.
Discrete Mathematics - Deals with discrete objects. Discrete objects are those which are seperated from each other, such as set of integers.
Dynamical Systems - How the state of a system changes with time.

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Elementary Algebra - Performs basic concepts of algebra operations.
Equation - A statement containing one or more variables that are either added, subtracted, divided, or multiplied to get an answer or a value.
Estimate - An approximate calculation of a quantity.
Estimation - The process of finding an approximation.
Euclidean Geometry - The study of plane and solid figures.

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Finite - Something that is bounded or limited in magnitude or special or temporal extent.
Formula - A rule expressed in symbols or a concise way of expressing information.

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Game Theory - The social interactions, which attempts to explain the mathematical conflicts, cooperation, and interactions people have with one another.
Geo-statistics - The study of spiral or spatiotemporal datasets.
Geometry - Deals with shapes and their properties or relationships to circles, lines, points, etc. These relationships can be expressed in plane geometry, two-dimensional figures and solid geometry, three-dimensional figures.
Group Theory - The study of a set of elements present in a group.

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Linear Algebra - Concerned with vector spaces and linear mapping between such spaces.
Logic - The principles of reasoning or arriving at some conclusion, though it is not logical, based on statements or propositions.

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Mathematical Analysis - Deals with limits and related theories, such as differential, integral , measure, infinite series, and analytic functions.
Mathematical Constant - A special number that is significantly interesting in some way.
Mathematical Optimization - The selection of the best element from some set of available alternatives.
Mathematical Proof - Demonstrates that a statement is always true.
Mathematical Statistics - The study of statistics from the standpoint of mathematics of analysis, collection, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.

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Number - A mathematical object used to count.
Number Theory - Deals with the properties of numbers and the relationships between them, primarily integers.
Numeral System - A mathematical notification of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner.

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Operation - A calculation from zero or more input values to an output value.
Optimization - The process of maximizing or minimizing an objects function by finding the best avaliable values across a set of inputs.
Order Theory - Deals with order using bionary relations.

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Plane Geometry - A two dimensional figure, also called planar geometry, with edges.
Planck Constant - A physical constant that is the quantum of electromagnetic action, which relates the energy carried by a photon to its frequency.
Probability - The study of change or the likelihood of an event happening.
Proposition - A statement that is either true or false.
Propositional Logic - A tool for reasoning about how various statements affect one another.
Pure Mathematics - The study of mathematical concepts independently of any application outside matnematics.

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Scalar - A quantity that is fully described by its magnitude or size and is independent of any specific direction.
Set Theory - Studies sets, which informally are collections of objects.
Solid Geometry - A three-dimensional figure with connecting edges on multiple planes.
Standard Deviation - A measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values.
Statistics - The study of analysis, collection, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.
Symmetry - An agreement in dimensions and arrangement.
Symmetry Number - The number of different but indistinguishable or equivalent arrangements or views of the object.

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Topology - The spaces and their properties while under any continuous deformation.
Trigonometry - The relations between the sides and angles of plane or spherical triangles.

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Vector - A mathematical entity that has both magnitude and direction.