Algebra

algebra banner 4Algebra is a branch of mathematics that uses letters or symbols as a place holder for unknown values or numbers.  These variables are used to represent relationships and to solve equations. 

 

 

 

 

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Algebra Glossary

A

  • Absolute Value  -  Makes a negative number positive  \(\large{ \left\vert -x \right\vert = x }\)  and positive numbers and  \(\large{ 0 }\)  are not changed.
  • Addend  -  Any one of a set of terms  \(\large{ 3 + 7 = 10 }\)  to be added.  \(\large{ 3 }\)  and  \(\large{ 7 }\)  are each addends,  \(\large{ 10 }\) is the sum.
  • Algebraic Expression  -  Includes variables, if not, then it is called an arithmetic expression.  Equation is \(\large{13a^2 + 7x = 18 }\)  The variables are \(\large{ a }\) and \(\large{x }\) .
  • Algebraic Properties  -
    • A postulate is a statement that is assumed true without proof.
    • A theorem is a true statement that can be proven.
  • Associative Law of Addition  -  For any three numbers a, b, and c, it is always true that  \(\large{ (a+b)+c=a+(b+c) }\).
  • Associative Law of Multiplication  -  For any three numbers a, b, and c, it is always true that  \(\large{ (a(b))(c)=a(b(c)) }\).
  • Associative Property  -  How you group the numbers does not matter.  \(\large{ \left(a+b\right)+c = a+\left(b+c\right) }\)  or  \(\large{ \left(a\;b\right)\;c = a\; \left(b\;c\right) }\)
  • Axes  -  A horizintal number line, x-axis and a vertical number line, y-axis.  Both used on a coordinate system or graph.
  • Axiom  -  A statement accepted as true without proof.

B

  • Base  -  The term  \(\large{13a^2 }\)  has a base  \(\large{ a }\) .
  • Binary Number  -  Use only the digits \(\large{ 0 }\) and \(\large{ 1 }\) .
  • Binomial  -  A polynomial with only two term  \(\large{ 13a^2+7x }\) .

C

  • Coefficient  -  A number multiplied by a variable.  An equation  \(\large{13a^2+7x-21=19 }\) , the coefficients are  \(\large{13, 7 }\) .
  • Combination  -  A set of objects in which the order is not important.  \(\large{ \left(7, 21, 19\right) }\)  or  \(\large{ \left(19, 7, 21\right) }\)
  • Common Demoninator  -  Two or more fractions  \(\large{ \frac{3}{8} + \frac{7}{8}}\)  that have the same denominator  \(\large{ 8 }\) .
  • Common Difference  -  \(\large{ 3 }\)  is the difference between each number  \(\large{ 3, 6, 9, 12, ... }\)  in a sequence  \(\large{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, ... }\) .
  • Common Factor  -  The factors of two or more numbers that have some factors that are the same (common) in each.
  • Common Fraction  -  A fraction where both numbers  \(\large{ \frac{3}{4}, \frac{7}{8} }\)  top and bottom are integers.
  • Common Multiple  -  Two or more numbers that have the same multiple.
  • Common Ratio  -  A number multipling the previous term in a geometric sequence.  Series  \(\large{ 3, 6, 12, 24, ... }\)  with a common rario of 2.
  • Commutative  -  When the order of the numbers do not matter.  Works for addition and multiplication but not for subtraction or division.    \(\large{ 3 + 7 = 7 + 3 }\)  or  \(\large{ 3\; x\; 7 = 7\; x\; 3 }\)
  • Commutative Property  -  The moving aroung of the numbers using  \(\large{ + }\)  of  \(\large{ \times }\)  does not matter.  \(\large{ a + b = b + a }\)  or  \(\large{ a \; b = b \; a }\)
  • Comparison  -  Compasring two numbers to see which is the largest.
  • Complex Fraction (Compound Fraction)  -  A fraction where the denominator, numerator or both contain a fraction.  \(\large{ \frac{ 5 }{ \frac{7}{8} } }\) ,  \(\large{ \frac{ \frac{3}{8} }{ 9 } }\) ,  \(\large{ \frac{ \frac{3}{8} }{ \frac{7}{8} } }\)
  • Complex Number  -  A combination of a real  \(\large{3, \frac{3}{4}, 13.45, -3.56, ... }\)  number and imaginary  \(\large{\sqrt{-1} = i }\)  number for a result of  \(\large{x + y\;i }\) .   \(\large{ x }\)  is the real part and  \(\large{ y }\)  is the imaginary part.
  • Composite Number  -  A positive integer number  \(\large{ 4, 6, 8, 9,... }\)  that has factors other than  \(\large{ 1 }\)  and the number itself.
  • Compute  -  To compute  \(\large{ 3-2 }\)  is to figuring out the answer  \(\large{ 1 }\) .
  • Commutative Law of Addition  -  For any two numbers a and b.  \(\large{a+b = b+a}\)
  • Commutative Law of Multiplication  -  For two numbers a and b.  \(\large{ a(b) = b(a) }\)
  • Conjugate  -  Is when you change the sign.  from  \(\large{ a+b }\)  to  \(\large{ a-b }\),  from  \(\large{ 3a-4b }\)  to  \(\large{ 3a+4b }\)  \(\large{ ,... }\)
  • Consecutive Number  -  Numbers that follow each other in order, from smallest to largest.  \(\large{ 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, ... }\)
  • Constant  -  The term expressed with no variables.  An equation  \(\large{13a^2+7x-21=19 }\) , the constants are  \(\large{21, 19 }\) .
  • Conversion  -  The act of changing a unit to a different unit of measure.
  • Counting Number  -  Any number used to count things  \(\large{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,... }\)  excluding  \(\large{ 0 }\) , negative numbers, fractions or decimals.
  • Cube Number  -  \(\large{ 5 \times 5 \times 5 = 125 }\) ,  \(\large{ 125 }\) is the cube number.
  • Cube Root  -  \(\large{ ^3\sqrt{125} = 5 }\) ,  \(\large{ 5 }\) is the cube root.

D

  • Decimal Number  -  Based on 10 digits.  \(\large{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }\)
  • Denominator  -  The number of equal parts of the whole is  \(\large{ 8 }\) , fraction is  \(\large{ \frac{3}{8} }\) .
  • Digit  -  A numeral  \(\large{ 2119 }\)  has digits  \(\large{ 2, 1, 1, }\)  and  \(\large{ 9 }\) .
  • Disjoint Event (Mutually Exclusive)  -  Events that have no outcomes in common.
  • Distributive law of multiplication over addition  -  For any three numbers a, b, and c.  \(\large{a(b+c) = a (b)+a (c)}\), and \(\large{(b+c)(a) = b (a)+c (a)}\)
  • Distributive law of multiplication over subtraction  -  For any three numbers a, b, and c.  \(\large{a(b−c) = a(b)−a(c)}\), and \(\large{(b−c)(a) = b (a)−c (a)}\)
  • Distributive Postulate  -  Let \(\large{ a }\) , \(\large{ b }\) and \(\large{ c }\) be real numbers.  \(\large{\;a \left (b + c \right ) = ab + ac\; }\)
  • Distributive Property (Distribution)  -  Multiply the parts of an expression  \(\large{ a \left(b-c \right) }\)  into another expression  \(\large{ a\;b-a\;c }\) .
  • Dividend  -  In a set of terms  \(\large{ 3 \div 7 = 0.43 }\)  the amount to be divided.  \(\large{ 3 }\)  is the dividend,  \(\large{ 7 }\)  is the divisor, and  \(\large{ 0.43 }\)  is the quotient.
  • Divisor  -  In a set of terms  \(\large{ 3 \div 7 = 0.43 }\)  the number divided by.  \(\large{ 7 }\)  is the divisor,  \(\large{ 3 }\)  is the dividend, and  \(\large{ 0.43 }\)  is the quotient.
  • Division Postulate  -  A postulate is a statement that is assumed true without proof.  Let \(\large{ a, b, c }\) be real numbers.  If \(\large{ a=b }\) and \(\large{ c \ne 0 }\), then \(\large{ \frac{ a }{ c } = \frac{ b }{ c } }\) .
  • Domain of a Function  -  A set of values for the independent variable that makes the function work.

E

  • Element  -  Anything contained in a set.
  • Elementary Algebra  -  Performs basic concepts of algebra operations.
  • Engineering Notation  -  A way of writing large numbers  \(\large{ 1 2 3, 0 0 0 }\)  into smaller numbers  \(\large{ 1 2 3 \cdot 10^3 }\)  where the power of 10 is multiplied by 3.
    • \(\large{\; 1 2 3 4. 5  = 1. 2 3 4 5  \times 10^3}\)
    • \(\large{\; 1 2 0  = .1 2  \times 10^3}\)
    • \(\large{\; 1, 2 0 0 = 1. 2  \times 10^3}\)
    • \(\large{\; 1 2, 0 0 0 = 1 2 \times 10^3}\)
    • \(\large{\; 1 2 3, 0 0 0 = 1 2 3 \times 10^3}\)
    • \(\large{\; 1 2 3, 0 0 0, 0 0 0 = 1 2 3 \times 10^6}\)
    • \(\large{\; 1 2 3, 0 0 0, 0 0 0 = .1 2 3 \times 10^9}\)
  • Equation  -  A statement containing one or more variables that are either added, subtracted, divided or multiplied to get an answer.  \(\large{ 13a^2+7x-21=19 }\)
  • Elementary Arithmetic  -  Includes the simplified operations of addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication.
  • Exponent (Index, Power)  -  Is how many times you multiply the number.  Term is \(\large{ 13a^2 }\), the exponent is \(\large{ 2 }\) .
  • Expression  -  A group of terms, coefficients, constants and variables separate by an operation.  An equation  \(\large{13a^2+7x-21=19 }\) , the expressions is  \(\large{ 13a^2+7x-21 }\)  and  \(\large{ 19 }\).

F

  • Factor Number  -  Numbers \(\large{ 3 }\) and \(\large{ 8 }\) are factors that can be multiplied to get another number \(\large{ 24 }\) .  Equation \(\large{ 3 \times 8=24 }\)
  • Factoring  -  Factor \(\large{ 7 \left(x-3\right) }\) expand to  \(\large{ 7x-21 }\)  or expressed as  \(\large{ 7 \left(x-3\right) = 7x-21 }\) .
  • Factorial  -  The symbol is  \(\large{ ! }\) .  Multiply all whole numbers from the chosen number down to 1.  \(\large{ 5!=5\cdot 4\cdot 3\cdot 2\cdot 1=120 }\)  or  \(\large{ n!=\left(n+3\right) 2y\cdot 2\cdot 1=n }\)
  • Formula  -  An expression in symbols used to calculate a desired result in mathematics and chemistry.
  • Fractional Exponent  -  Is how mant times you multiply the number.  Term is \(\large{ 13a^{ \frac{2}{3} } }\), the exponent is \(\large{ \frac{2}{3} }\) .
  • Fraction  -  A part  \(\large{ \frac{3}{8} }\)  of the whole.
    • Adding Fractions  -  \(\large{ \frac{a}{b}\;+\;\frac{c}{d} = \frac{ \left( a\;d \right) \;+\; \left( b\;c \right)  }{b\;d}   }\)
    • Subtract Fractions  -  \(\large{ \frac{a}{b}\;-\;\frac{c}{d} = \frac{ \left( a\;d \right) \;-\; \left( b\;c \right)  }{b\;d}   }\)
    • Multiply Fractions  -  \(\large{ \frac{a}{b}\;\frac{c}{d} = \frac{a\;c}{b\;d}   }\)
    • Divide Fractions  -  \(\large{ \frac{a}{b}\;\div\;\frac{c}{d} = \frac{ a\;d }{b\;c}   }\)
  • Function  -  A relationship where a set of inputs (domain) determine a set of possible outputs (range).  The function of  \(\large{ f \left( x \right) = 5\;x }\)  is  \(\large{ f \left( x \right) }\) , the function name is  \(\large{ f }\) , the input value is  \(\large{ \left( x \right) }\) , and the output is (what the function does) \(\large{ 5\;x }\) .

G

  • Geometric Mean  -  Two  numbers  \(\large{ a }\)  and  \(\large{ b }\)  is the number  \(\large{ c }\)  whose square equals the product  \(\large{ c^2 = a\;b }\) .
  • Geometric Sequence (Geometric Progression)  -  Multipling the previous term by a constant.  \(\large{ 2 }\)  the sequence   \(\large{ 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, ... }\)  or  \(\large{ b }\)  the sequence  \(\large{ a, ab, ab^2, ab^3, ... }\)
  • Geometric Series  -  A series of the terms of a geometric sequence that has a constanr ratio.  \(\large{ 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 \;+ ... }\)
  • Greatest Commom Factor  -  The highest number that divides exactly into two or more numbers.  factors of \(\large{12}\) are \(\large{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6,12 }\) and factors of \(\large{16}\) are \(\large{ 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 }\), the greatest common factor of \(\large{12}\) and \(\large{16}\) is \(\large{4}\)

H

  • Hexadecimal Number  -  Based on the number 16.  \(\large{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F }\)

I

  • Imaginary Number  -  A number  \(\large{ i }\)  (imaginary symbol) when squared gives a negative number  \(\large{ i^2 = -1}\)  or  \(\large{\sqrt{-1} = i }\) .
    • Real  \(\large{ -2^2=4 }\)    Imaginary  \(\large{ 2i^2=-4 }\)
  • Improper Fraction  -  A fraction  \(\large{ \frac{21}{7} }\)  that has a larger numerator than denominator.
  • Inequality  -  A mathematical sentence that uses one of the symbols <, >, ≤, or ≥ .
  • Integer Number  -  A whole numbers that can be either positive or negative  \(\large{ ... , -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... }\)  with no fractions.
  • Inverse (Reciprocal)  -  Reverses the effect of another number.  \(\large{ 3\cdot 7 = 21 }\)  inverse is  \(\large{ \frac{21}{7}  = 3 }\) ,  \(\large{ 19 }\)  inverse is  \(\large{ -19 }\) .
  • Irrational Number  -  A number that cannot be written as a fraction.  \(\large{ \sqrt{2} }\) ,  \(\large{ \pi=3.1415926535 ... }\) ,  \(\large{ e=2.71828182... }\)

J

K

L

  • Like Terms  -  These are terms where the variables are the same.  The terms are  \(\large{ 13a^2, 3a^2, -3a^2 }\), the like terms are \(\large{ a^2 }\)  or the terms are  \(\large{ 13a^2 + 3a^2 + -3a^2 }\) , the like terms are  \(\large{ a^2 }\)
  • Line  -  A straight path between two points or multiple points.
  • Linear  -  In a straight line.

M

  • Matrix  -  A rectangular or square array of numbers using either brackets  \(\large{ [\;] }\)  or parentheses  \(\large{ (\;) }\) .                   \({  \begin{bmatrix} 4 & 7 & 2.54 \\ -9 & 3.1 & 3 \\ 13 & 1.2 & -9 \end{bmatrix} }\)   or   \({ \begin{pmatrix} 4 & 7 & 2.54 \\ -9 & 3.1 & 3 & \\ 13 & 1.2 & -9 \end{pmatrix}  }\)
  • Mean  -  The sum of all numbers in a set divided by the number of the values.  \(\large{ (2 + 3 + 4 + 5) / 4 = 3.5 }\)
  • Mathematical Operation  -  addition \( \;(+),\; \) subtraction \(\;(-),\; \) multiplication \( \;(\times),\; \) division \( \;(+)\; \)
  • Minuend  -  The first number in a set of terms  \(\large{ 3 - 7 = - 4 }\)  to be subtracted.  \(\large{ 3 }\)  is the minuend,  \(\large{ 7 }\)  is the subtrahend, and  \(\large{ -4 }\)  is the difference.
  • Mixed Number  -  A number written as  \(\large{13 \frac{3}{8} }\)  a whole number  \(\large{13 }\) and a fraction  \(\large{ \frac{3}{8} }\) .
  • Monomial  -  A polynomial with only one term  \(\large{ 13a^2 }\) .
  • Mutually Exclusive (Disjoint Event)  -  Events that have no outcomes in common.
  • Multiplicand  -  In a set of terms  \(\large{ 3 \times 7 = 21 }\)  the number that is multiplied.  \(\large{ 7 }\)  is the multiplicand,  \(\large{ 3 }\)  is the multiplier, and  \(\large{ 21 }\)  is the product.
  • Multiplier  -  In a set of terms  \(\large{ 3 \times 7 = 21 }\)  the number that you are multiplying by.  \(\large{ 3 }\)  is the multiplier,  \(\large{ 7 }\)  is the multiplicand, and  \(\large{ 21 }\)  is the product.

N

  • A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z                                              
  • Natural number  -  Can be either counting numbers  \(\large{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ... }\)  or whole numbers  \(\large{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ... }\) .
  • Negative Exponent  -  Is how mant times you multiply the number.  Term is \(\large{ 13^{-2} = \frac{1}{13^2} = \frac{1}{169} }\), the exponent is \(\large{ -2 }\)
  • Negative Number  -  It is the oposite of a whole number  \(\large{ ... , -5, -4, -3, -2, -1 }\)  or decimal number excluding  \(\large{ 0 }\) .
  • nth Root  -  Some number  \(\large{ n }\)  used as  \(\large{ ^n\sqrt{a} }\).
  • Number  -  A mathmatical object used to count.
  • Number Line  -  Every point on a line represents a real number.
  • Number Sentence  -  An equation of numbers and operations that expresses the relationship between them.  \(\large{ 3 + 7 = 10 \;,\; 3 < 7 }\)
  • Number Properties  -  Associative, communitive, and distributive
  • Number Types  - digits, fractional number, integer number, irrational number, natural number, numeral, rational number, real number, transcendental number, and whole number
  • Numeral  -  A single symbol to make a numeral like  \(\large{ 2119 }\) .
  • Numerator  -  The number of parts is  \(\large{ 3 }\), fraction is  \(\large{ \frac{3}{8} }\) .

O

  • Octal Number  -  A number system based on 8  \(\large{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 }\)
  • Operator  -  A symbol such as  \(\large{ +, -, ... }\)
  • Order of Operation  -  Parenthese (inside), exponents, multiplication and division (left to right), addition and subtraction (left to right)
  • Ordered Pair  -  Two numbers  \(\large{ \left(7, 21\right) }\)  or  \(\large{ \left(x, y\right) }\)  written in a certain order.
  • Ordered Triple  -  Three numbers  \(\large{ \left(7, 21, 19\right) }\)  or  \(\large{ \left(x, y, z\right) }\)  written in a certain order.
  • Ordered n  -  Multiple numbers  \(\large{ \left(7, 14, 21, ..., x_n\right) }\)  or  \(\large{ \left(x_1, x_2, x_3, ...,x_n\right) }\)  written in a certain order.

P

  • Partial Fraction  -  A fraction  \(\large{\frac{3a^2-7x}{13a^2+7x-21} }\)  that is broken into one or more smaller parts \(\large{\frac{a}{7x} + \frac{9}{4+x}  }\) .
  • Perfect Number  -  A whole number that is equal to the sum of its positive factors except the number itself.  \(\large{1+2+4+7=14}\) ,  \(\large{14}\) is a perfect number because the positive factors are  \(\large{1, 2, 4, 7,14}\) .
  • Permutation  -  A set of objects in which the order is important.  \(\large{ \left(7, 21, 19\right) }\)
  • Polynomial  -  The sum of two or more terms.  A term can have constants, exponents and variables, such as  \(\large{ 13a^2 }\) .  Put them together and you get a polynomial.
    • Monomial  -  1 term  \(\large{ 13a^2 }\)
    • Binomial  -  2 terms  \(\large{ 13a^2+7x }\)
    • Trinomial  -  3 terms  \(\large{ 13a^2+7x-21 }\)
  • Porportional  -  When the ratio of two variables are constant.
  • Positive Number  -  A counting number  \(\large{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,... }\)  or decimal number excluding  \(\large{ 0 }\) .
  • Postulate  -  A statement that is assumed true without proof.
    • Let \(\large{\;a}\) , \(\large{b}\) and \(\large{c}\) be real numbers.
      • Reflexive Property  -  \(\large{a = a\; }\) (A quantity is congruent (equal) to itself.)
      • Symmetric Property  -  If \(\large{\;a = b\; }\), then \(\large{\;b = a }\)
      • Transitive Property  -  If \(\large{\;a = b\; }\) and \(\large{\;b = c\; }\) , then \(\large{\;a = c }\)
      • Addition Postulate  -  If \(\large{\;a = b\; }\) , then \(\large{\;a + c = b + c\; }\)
      • Subtraction Postulate  -  If \(\large{\;a = b\; }\) , then \(\large{\;a - c = b - c\; }\)
      • Multiplication Postulate  -  If \(\large{\;a = b\; }\) , then \(\large{\;ac = bc\; }\)
      • Division Postulate  -  If \(\large{\;a = b\; }\) and \(\large{\;c \ne 0\; }\) , then \(\large{\; \frac {a}{c} = \frac {b}{c}\; }\)
      • Substitution Postulate  -  If \(\large{\;a = b\; }\) , then \(\large{\;a\; }\) can be substituted for \(\large{\;b\; }\) in any expression.
      • Distributive Postulate  -  \(\large{\;a \left (b + c \right ) = ab + ac\; }\)
      • A straight line contains at least two points.
      • If two lines intersect, the intersection is only one point.
      • If two planes intersect, the intersection is only one line.
      • A plane must contain at least three noncollinear points.
  • Power (Exponent, Index)  -  Is how mant times you multiply the number.  Term is \(\large{ 13a^2 }\), the exponent is \(\large{ 2 }\) .
  • Prime Factor  -  A factor  \(\large{13, 7 }\)  are prime numbers.  \(\large{13\cdot 7 =91 }\)
  • Prime Number  -  A number that can be divided evenly only by  \(\large{1}\) , or itself and it must be a whole number greater than \(\large{1}\) .
  • Product  -  In a set of terms  \(\large{ 3 \times 7 = 21 }\)  the multiplied answer.  \(\large{ 21 }\)  is the product,  \(\large{ 3 }\)  is the multiplier, and  \(\large{ 7 }\)  is the multiplicand.  
  • Proper Factor  -  Any of the factors of a number, except \(\large{1}\) or the number itself.
  • Proper Fraction  -  When the numerator  \(\large{ 3 }\)  is less than the demominator  \(\large{ 8 }\)  of a fraction like  \(\large{ \frac{3}{8} }\) .

Q

  • Quartile  -  One of three values that divide a data set into four equal sections.   \(\large{ 2, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 }\) , the quartiles are  \(\large{ 4 }\) (lower quartile), \(\large{ 5 }\) (middle quartile), and \(\large{ 7 }\) (upper quartile).
  • Quotient  -  In a set of terms  \(\large{ 3 \div 7 = 0.43 }\)  the answer.  \(\large{ 0.43 }\)  is the quotient,  \(\large{ 3 }\)  is the dividend, and  \(\large{ 7 }\)  is the divisor.

R

  • Radical  -  An expression  \(\large{ 13a^2+7x-23 }\)  that is a root  \(\large{ \sqrt{13a^2+7x-23} }\) .  The length of the bar  \(\large{ \sqrt{13a^2}+7x-23 }\)  tells how much of the expression is used.
  • Radicand  -  The number under the symbol \(\large{ \sqrt{x} }\)
  • Rational Number  -  Any number that can be expressed as a ratio (fraction) of two integers numbers.  \(\large{ 0=\frac{0}{1} }\) ,  \(\large{ 0.125=\frac{1}{8} }\) , \(\large{ 1.5=\frac{3}{2} }\)
  • Real Number  -  Any number  \(\large{3, \frac{3}{4}, 13.45, -3.56, ... }\)  that is normally used.
  • Reciprocal (Inverse)  -  Reverses the effect of another number.  \(\large{ 3\cdot 7 = 21 }\)  inverse is  \(\large{ \frac{21}{7}  = 3 }\) ,  \(\large{ 19 }\)  inverse is  \(\large{ -19 }\) .
  • Remainder  -  What is left over after long division.  \(\large{ 7 \; / \;13 = 1 }\)  r \(\large{ 6 }\)
  • Repeating Decimal  -  A decimal that keeps recurring over and over.  \(\large{ 0.\overline{33} }\)
  • Rounding  -  Replacing a number  \(\large{ 3.1415926535 ... }\)  with another number having less digits  \(\large{ 3.1415 }\) .

S

  • Scalar Number  -  Any single real number  \(\large{3, \frac{3}{4}, 13.45, -3.56, ... }\)  used to measure.
  • Scientific Notation  -  A way of writing large numbers  \(\large{ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 . 9 }\)  into two part  \(\large{ 1 2 3 4 5 . 6 7 8 9 \;x\; 10^3 }\) .
  • Series  -  The sum of the terms of a sequence.  \(\large{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ... }\) or \(\large{ 1 + 2 + 3 + ... +\; n }\)
  • Set  -  A group of numbers, variables, or really anything written using \(\large{ (\; ) }\) or \(\large{ [\; ] }\) .
  • Sequence  -  A sequence of numbers in an orderly list.
    • \(\large{....,\; -15,\; -10,\; -5,\; 0,\; 5,\; 10,\; 15,\; ....}\)
    • \(\large{....,\; 1,\; 7,\; 14,\; 21,\; 28,\; 35,\; ....}\)
    • \(\large{....,\; -4.5,\; -3,\; -1.5,\; 0,\; 1.5,\; 3,\; 4.5,\; ....}\)
  • Significant Digits  -  \(\large{ 1 2 3 0 }\)  Digits that are meaningful.  \(\large{ 0 . 0 1 2 3 0 }\)
  • Square Number  -  \(\large{ 5 \cdot 5 = 25 }\) ,  \(\large{ 25 }\) is the square number.
  • Square Root  -  \(\large{ \sqrt{25} = 5 }\) ,  \(\large{ 5 }\) is the square root.
  • Standard Deviation  -  The square root of the variance.
  • Subscript  -  A small letter or number lower than the normal text  \(\large{13_a^2 }\) .
  • Subset  -  A  \(\large{\left( 3, 4, 5 \right) }\)  is a subset of B  \(\large{\left( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 \right) }\) .
    • Empty Set - \(\large{ (\; ) }\)  is a  subset of B
  • Subtrahend  -  In a set of terms  \(\large{ 3 - 7 = - 4 }\)  the number to be subtracted.  \(\large{ 7 }\)  is the subtrahend, \(\large{ 3 }\)  is the minuend, and  \(\large{ -4 }\)  is the difference.
  • Sum  -  In a set of terms  \(\large{ 3 + 7 = 10 }\)  it is the result.  \(\large{ 10 }\) is the sum, and  \(\large{ 3 }\)  and  \(\large{ 7 }\)  are each addends.
  • Superscript  -  A small letter or number higher than the normal text  \(\large{13_a^2 }\) .
  • Surd  -  A square root  \(\large{\sqrt{2} }\)  that can not be simplified by removing the square root \(\large{\sqrt{2} }\) .  \(\large{\sqrt{4} }\) can be simplified to \(\large{2 }\) .
  • Symmetry  -  Symmetry is when one shape becomes exactly like another if you flip or turn it.

T

  • Terms  -  Either a single number, a variable, or numbers and variables.  An equation  \(\large{13a^2+7x-21=19 }\) , the terms are  \(\large{13a^2 }\) , \(\large{7x }\) , \(\large{21 }\) , and  \(\large{19 }\) .
  • Theorem  -  A true statement that can be proven.
    • Congruence of Segments
        • Segment congruence is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.
            • Reflexive - For any segment \(\;AB\; \), \(\;AB\; \)AB is congruent to \(\;AB\; \)
            • Symmetric - If \(\;AB = CD\; \) , then \(\;CD = AB\; \)
            • Transitive - If \(\;AB = CD\; \) and \(\;CD = EF\; \) . then \(\;AB = EF\; \)
    • Congruent Angles
      • Angle congruence is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.
          • Reflexive - For any \(\; \angle A\; \), \(\; \angle A\; = \angle A \)
          • Symmetric - If \(\; \angle A = \angle B \; \) , then \(\; \angle B = \angle A \; \)
          • Transitive - If \(\; \angle A = \angle B \; \) and \(\; \angle B = \angle C \; \), then \(\; \angle A = \angle C \; \)
    • Right Angle Congruence
      • All right angles are congruent.
    • Congruent Supplements
      • If two angles are supplementary to the same angle, then they are congruent.
      • If two angles are supplementary to congruent angles, then they are congruent.
    • Congruent Complementary
      • If two angles are complementary to the same angle, then they are congruent.
      • If two angles are complementary to congruent angles, then they are congruent.
    • Vertical Angles Congruence
      • Vertical angles are always congruent.
  • Transcendental Number  -  A real number that cannot be the root of a polynomial equation with rational coefficients.  pi, e, Euler's constant, Catalan's constant, Liouville's number, Chaitin's constant, Chapernowne's number, Morse-Thue's number, Feigenbaum number
  • Triangular Number  -  A number that can make a triangular dot pattern.  Each side in the triangle containes the same number of dots.  1 = 1 dot, 2 = 3 dots, 3 = 6 dots, 4 = 10 dots, 5 = 15 dots, etc.
  • Trinomial  -  A polynomial with only three term  \(\large{ 13a^2+7x-21 }\) .

U

V

  • Variable  -  Letters or symbols that are used to represent unknown values that can change depending in the infomation.  An equation  \(\large{13a^2+7x-21=19 }\) , the variables are  \(\large{a, x }\) .
  • Vinculum  -  A line that is part of an expresson  \(\large{ \sqrt{a+b} }\)  or  \(\large{ \frac{a+b}{a-b} }\)  to show everything above or below the line is one group.

W

  • Whole Number  -  Just positive numbers  \(\large{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ... }\)  with no fractions.

X

Y

Z

  • Zero  -  A whole number that is neither  \(\large{ - }\)  or  \(\large{ + }\)  and contains no value. 

 

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Display #
Title
Matrix
Mean
Mechanical Operation
Midpoint
Multiplication Postulate

Tags: Glossaries