Science Glossary

• Tags: Science Glossary

A         

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• Acoustical Engineer  -  The science of sound and vibrations, or anything related to the organs used to preceive sound.
• Aeronautical Engineer  -  Concerned with design, developement, testing, and production of aircraft, spacecraft, and related systems and equipment.
• Agricultural Engineer  -  Improves processes associated with managing natural resources and producion by develope methods to conserve soil and water, improve food production, and designing agricultural equipment.
• Agronomy  -  The science and technology of producing and using plants in agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, recreation, and land restoration.
• Algebra  -  A branch of mathematics that uses letters or symbols as a place holder for unknown values or numbers.  These variables are used to represent relationships and to solve equations.
• Applied Linguistics  -  A field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems.
• Applied Mathematics  -  The application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, and industry.
• Applied Science  -  Applied scientific knowledge to practical problems in engineering and health.
• Arithmetic  -  The study of numbers and their properties of the basic operations, added, subtracted, divided or multiplied to get an answer.
• Architectural Engineer  -  Works in the design of one or more of the building systems such as structural, acoustical systems, HVAC systems, electrical, lighting, and plumbing.
• Architecture  -  Is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures.
• Archaeology -  A study of past human activities, environments and their remains.
• Astronomy  -  Anything in the universe beyond earth.
• Astrochemistry  -  The composition and reactions of chemical elements and molecules found in stars and in space and of the interactions between matter and radiation.
• Astrobiology  -  The search for life outside earth.
• Astospheric Chemistry  -  The chemistry of the earth's atmosphere and other planets.
• Atmospheric  -  The study of aerosols, clouds, and gasses, basically airborne particles, that surround the planetary bodies of the solar system.
• Automation Engineer  -  Design, develope, and test automated machines and processes.
• Automotive Engineer  -  Involves a combination of different engineering fields, which are applied in the design, developement and production of automotive vehicles like buses, cars, mopeds, motorbikes, and vans.

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• Biochemical Engineer  -  Work with cells, enzymes, and antibodies to collect data, explore medical possibilities, and solve biological issues.
• Biochemistry  -  Studies the chemical processes within and related to living organisms.
• Bioengineering Engineer  -  Solves problems in biology, medicine, health care and other fields.
• Biological Engineer  -  Studies the environment to improve the way we conserve soil, water and natural resources.
• Biology  -  The study of living organisms such as animals and plants.
• Biomechanical Engineer  -  Designs new medical devices such as artificial organs and diagnostic equipment.  They may also wotk in clinics, hospitals, oand doctors offices instslling and maintaining medical equipment.
• Biomedical Engineer  -  Is the developement of devices, and procedures that solve medical and health-related problems by combining a knowledge of biology and medicine with engineering principles and practices.
• Biophysics  -  Studies the laws and principles in physics that describes patterns seen in biological systems.
• Biotechnology  -  Involves the design, developement, and application of innovative technologies, products and/or environmentally sustainable systems through the efficient use of biological resources.
• Business Studies  -  An academic subject taught in schools and at university level in many countries.  Its study combines elements of accountancy, finance, marketing, organizational studies and operations.

C

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• Cartography  -  The study of making maps, their layout, production, and publication.
• Ceramic engineer  - Deals with the design, manufacturing, properties, and use of ceramic related things.
• Chemical Engineer  -  They invent, develope, design, operate, and manage processes that meet society's needs.
• Chemistry  -  The physical science of atomic energy, and it's chemical reaction, properties, behavior, changes, composition, and structure.
• Civics  -  The study of the rights and obligations of citizens in society.
• Civil Engineer  -  Oversee large construction projects, including designing, constructing, supervising, and maintaining road systems and the accompanying infrastructure, buildings, airports, and systems of water treatment, hydroelectricity, etc.
• Classical Physics  -  A group of physics theories that predate modern, more complete, or more widely applicable theories.
• Climatology  -  Climate and how it changes over time.
• Coastal Engineer  -  Also called Marine engineer.  TIs the study of the processes ongoing at the shoreline and construction within the coastal zone.
• Cognitive Science  -   The interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes.  It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition.
• Communication Engineer  -  They are responsible for the planning, analysis and design, implementation, operation, testing, maintenance and management of communication systems and distributed information systems.
• Computational Chemistry  -  Generates data which complements experimental data on the properties, reactions, and structures of substances.
• Computer Science -  This science is much more than just studying computers, its logical thinking to solving problems.
• Construction Engineer  -  Focuses on the design and construction processes required to produce facilities and systems that are essential to modern life and infrastucture.
• Corrosion Engineer  -  Responsible for analyzing engineered materials and coming up with the strategies for slowing or haulting the effects of corrosion.
• Cosmology  -  The origin and eventual fate of the universe.
• Criminology  -  The study of crime and deviant behaviour. Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in both the behavioural and social sciences, which draws primarily upon the research of sociologists, political scientists, economists, psychologists, philosophers, psychiatrists, biologists, social anthropologists, as well as scholars of law.
• Cultural Studies  -  Cultural studies researchers generally investigate how cultural practices relate to wider systems of power associated with or operating through social phenomena, such as ideology, class structures, national formations, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, and generation.
• Cyber Security Engineer  -  Responsible for testing and screening security software and for monitoring networks and systems for security breaches or intrusions.

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• Data Analytics Engineer  -  Responsible for finding trends in data sets and developing algorithns to help make raw data more useful to the end-user.
• Demography  -  The statistical study of populations, especially human beings.

E         

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• Earth Science  -  The study of planet earth.
• Economics  -  The social science that studies how people interact with value; in particular, the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
• Economy  -  An economist studies the economy.  A good economy is when it's trade is thriving.
• Education  -  The process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, morals, beliefs, and habits.
• Electrical Engineer  -  Involved in designing, developing, and supervising the manufacture of electrical equipment, such as electric motors, radar and navigation systems, power generation equipment or communication systems.
• Electronics  -  Comprises the physics, engineering, technology and applications that deal with the emission, flow and control of electrons in vacuum and matter.
• Energy Technology  -  An science having to do with the efficient, safe, environmentally friendly, and economical extraction, conversion, transportation, storage, and use of energy, targeted towards yielding high efficiency whilst skirting side effects on humans, nature, and the environment.
• Energy Storage  -  The capture of energy produced at one time for use at a later time to reduce imbalances between energy demand and energy production.
• Engineering  -  The science of building things from the small to the big, like bridges, buildings, dams, ships, tunnels, and etc.  On this site, engineering is broken down into five basic disciplines: Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Mechanical and Systems.
• Environmental Science  -  A field that integrates physical, biological and information sciences to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems.
• Environmental Engineer  -  Works to improve water and air pollution, public health, and water disposal by using principles of engineering chemistry, biology, and soil science to develope solutions to environmental problems such as unsafe drinking water or climate change.
• Environmental Geography  -  The study of our relationship with the natural world, living and non-living world.
• Environmental Studies  -  A field which systematically studies human interaction with the environment.

F         

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• Fire Protection Engineer  -  Responsible for designing and implementing solutions to lower fire risks to buildings and properties.
• Flow Chemistry  -  The process of performing chemical reactions in a pipe or tubing.  The reaction components are pumped togeather at a mixing junction and flowed down a temperature controlled pipe of tube.  This can be moer environmentally frendly and cost effective than batch processes.
• Forensic Engineer  -  They investigate the materials, products, structures or components that fail or do not operate or function as intended, causing personal injury or damage to property.
• Forensic Science  -  The application of science to criminal and civil laws.
• Forest Engineer  -  Is the management of forest lands including roads, planning forest harvesting, land environmental requirements, soils, watersheads, protection of wildlife and fish habitats.
• Formal Science  -  Concerned with formal systems like computer science, logic and mathematics.
• Foundations  -  The study of the philosophical and logical and/or algorithmic basis of mathematics, or, in a broader sense, the mathematical investigation of what underlies the philosophical theories concerning the nature of mathematics.

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• Geography  -  Earth's human and physical geographic features.
• Geology  -  A science of what the earth is made of, solid matter.
• Geometry  -  Deals with shapes and their properties or relationships to circles, lines, points, etc.  These relationships can be expressed in plane geometry, two-dimensional figures and solid geometry, three-dimensional figures.
• Geophysical Engineer  -  The study and exploration of the earth's interior through physical measurements collected at the earth's surface, in boreholes, and from aircraft and satellites.
• Geophysics  -  The physical properties and dynamics of the earth and planets.
• Geotechnical Engineer -  The disciplines of rock and soil mechanics to investigate subsurface and geologic conditions.  These investigations are used to design, and build foundations, earth structures, and pavement sub-grades.
• Gerontology  -  The study of the social, cultural, psychological, cognitive, and biological aspects of aging.

H         

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• Health Science  -  Focus on health, or health care, as core parts of their subject matter.
• History  -  A catch all term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events.
• Human Geography  -  The study of earth's, people, beliefs, children, cities, home, and way of life.
• Hydrology  -  The study of water in the environment.
• Hydrological Engineer  -  Also called Water Resources engineer or Hydrologist.  It is concerned with the flow, treatment, and storage of water.

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• Inorganic Chemistry  -  The structure and interactions between inorganic compounds, any compound that is not based on carbon-hydrogen bonds.
• Industrial Engineer  -  Work in planning, designing, implementing and controlling the system that enable people to use technology to find ways to eliminate wastefulness in production processes.
• Industrial Relations  -  A field that studies the employment relationship, the complex interrelations between employers and employees, labor/trade unions, employer organizations and the state.
• Information Science  -  A field which is primarily concerned with analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection of information.

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• Law  -  A system of rules created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior.
• Legal Management  -  Is a discipline between the study of law and managrment.
• Library Science  -  A field that applies the practices, perspectives, and tools of management, information technology, education, and other areas to libraries.
• Life Science  -  A study of all living organisms, animals, humans, and plants.
• Linguistics  -  The analysis of every aspect of language, as well as the methods for studying and modeling them.
• Logic  - The study of correct and incorrect reasoning.
• Logistics Engineer  -  Develope solutions to improve the efficiency of product acquisition, distribution, storage, transportation, and warehousing.

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• Macroeconomics  -  Looks at the economy as a whole.
• Maintenance Engineer  -  Oversees the installation, maintenance, and repair of heavy machinery, plant equipment, tools, and systems used in manufacturing.
• Management  -  The administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a non-profit organization, or government body.
• Manufacturing Engineer  -  This disciplines focuses on the design, integration, or improvment of manufacturing systems or related processes.
• Marine Engineer  -  Also called Coastal engineer.  Designs, develops, and is responsible for the installation of ship machinery and related equipment.
• Materials Science Engineer  -  Societies want new and improved materials with more capabilities.  These engineers have studied the properties and behavior of materials to create new ceramics, metals, and polymers.
• Mathematical -  Applies mathematical ideas to problems in physics or inspired by physics.
• Mathematics  -  The study of properties, quantities and their relationships using numbers and symbols.
• Mechanical Engineer  -  This is the most diverse of the engineering disciplines and can cross over into aerospace, automotive, construction, electronics, petroleumand manufacturing.  These engineers design, develope, install, test, and maintain equipment or systems.
• Mechatronics, Robotics, and Automation Engineer  -  This is a combination of computer, electrical, and mechanical engineering.
• Media Studies  -  A study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media.
• Metallurgical Engineer  -  Deals with extracting and processing of metals.  They examine the performance of metals, and determine which ones can be put to uses to produce useful product.
• Meterology  -  A study of air polution, analysis and forcasting, atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric dynamics, climatology, global climate, meteorological instruments, and oceanography.
• Microeconomics  -  Tells how people make decisions at a small scale.
• Microtechnology  -  Focuses on physical and chemical processes as well as the production or manipulation of structures with one-micrometre magnitude.
• Military Science  -  The study of military processes, institutions, and behavior, along with the study of warfare, and the theory and application of organized coercive force.
• Mining Engineer  -  Find, develope, and recover the resources needed to support the needs of society from the minerals used for buildings, computers, roads, and other daily used items.
• Modern Physics  -  A branch of physics either developed in the early 20th century and onward or branches greatly influenced by early 20th century physics.

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• Natural Science  -  Understanding the laws of the physical world everything on earth and in the universe.
• Nuclear Engineer  -  Involved in the research and developement of the instruments, processes, and systems used in order to gain the benifits of radiation and nuclear energy.

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• Oceanography  -  The biological and physical condition of the ocean.
• Optics  -  The behavior and properties of light, including its interaction with matter.
• Organic Chemistry  -  The structure and interactions between organic compounds, any carbon and living thing.

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• A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z
• Petrochemical Engineer  -  Deals with the chemical processes involved in turning the raw materials of crude oil and petroleum into useful products such as clothes, fertilizers, food, and plastics.
• Petroleum Engineer  -  Designs, developes, and improves ways to get gas and oil deposits from below the ground's surface.
• Pharmaceutical Engineer  -  These professionals change raw materials into usefull products by using chemical and physical properties.
• Philosophy  -  The study of general and fundamental questions such as those about reason, existence, knowledge, values, mind, and language.
• Photochemistry  -  Deals with the chemical processes that are caused by the absoption of light energy.
• Photonics Engineer  -  They research, design, and develope a wide range of technologies which utilize light energy.
• Physical Geography  -  The study of geographic features, like mountains, oceans, rivers, rivers, and other features.
• Physical Science  -  The study of non-living systems.
• Physics  -  The study of the universe and our suroundings.  Matter and its motion through space-time, and related concepts such as energy and force.  These are basic concepts that exist through the universe making them the foundation of physis.
• Planning  -  The process of thinking about the activities required to achieve a desired goal.
• Plastics Engineer  -  Has knowledge of different types of plastic materials and their common uses.  They design, process, and manufacture plastics that can withstand temperature and weather changes, resist corrosion, and exhibit electrical properties.
• Plumbing Engineer  -  Works on project designs, including analyzing the building, performing design calculations, and choosing the appropriate plumbing system, equipment and installation.
• Political Science  -  The scientific study of politics.
• Polymer Engineer  -  An engineer with understanding in both the properties and processing methods of polymer materials such as molding materials, plastics, rubbers, synthetic fibers, and more.
• Process Engineer  -  They are employed in many different industries such as agriculture, chemistry, geology, forestry, and nuclear.  Their job is to work with scientists in research and developement, improve products and the product process.
• Psychology  -  The science of mind and behavior.
• Public Administration  -  The implementation of government policy and also an academic discipline that studies this implementation and prepares civil employees for working in the public service.
• Pure Mathematics  -  The study of mathematical concepts independently of any application outside mathematics.

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• Reservoir Engineer  -  Focuses on optimizing the fluid flow of petroleum oil and gas reserves using special tools and equipment, continuously monitoring the reserve during the drilling proess, and analyzing the flow of each reserve to ensure efficiency.

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• Science  -  The attainment of knowledge through research and study and practical application.
• Seismology  -  The study of seismic waves, earthquakes, and the mechanics of soil and rock materials.
• Social Science  -  It's about behavior, business, education, health, and interactions amoung people's lives.
• Social Work  -  Concerned with individuals, families, groups, communities and society as a whole in an effort to meet basic needs and enhance social functioning, self-determination, collective responsibility, and overall well-being.
• Sociology  -  The study of society, human social behaviour, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture that surrounds everyday life.
• Solid State Chemistry  -  Focuses on the properties, structure, and chemical processes that occur in the solid phase.
• Statistics  -  A mathematical science pertaining to the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data.
• Structural Engineer  -  They ensure that specific components such as beams, columns, and foundations are structurally sound, where civil engineers do the designing.
• Surveying Engineer  -  Their work involves legal boundaries, record results, elevation and GPS, drainage systems, subdivision planning and layout, and topographical mapping.
• Systems Engineer  -  Identifies a problem and developes a solution that is constantly reevaluated throught its execution.  Lays the foundation for effective planning and production, improve system reliavility, planning and executing, system maintainability and availability.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
• Systems Theory  -  The study of systems, which are cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent parts that can be natural or human-made.

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• Telecommunications Engineer  -  Provides a range of engineering solutions for satellite transmission, fiber-optics, analog and digital communications, network management, data analysis, circuits, programming language, technical wiring, and computer networks.
• Theoretical Computer Science  -  Focuses on mathematical aspects of computer science such as the theory of computation, lambda calculus, and type theory.
• Trigonometry  -  A branch of mathematics that deals with the relations between the sides and angles of plane or spherical triangles.
• Transportation Engineer  -  Applies engineering design, principles, and maintenance to roads, railways, waterways and more.  This can include automotive technology, construction methods, ecconomics of design, land developement, mass transit systems, planning, probability, safety analysis, traffic flow.

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• Volcanology  -  Studies volcanism and the processes involved in magma flow and eruption through a vent in the earth's surface.

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• Water Resources Engineer  -  Also called a Hydrological engineer.  They are involved in analysis, coastal protection, flood control, river management, soil physics, urban drainage, water cycle management, wastewater treatment, water flow, and water storage.
• Welding Engineer  -  These engineers have knowledge more than just welding, they also have a background in math, science, general engineering, materials, thermodynamics, welding design, and welding processes.

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