Hydraulic Glossary

• Tags: Hydraulic Glossary

A

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• Atmospheric Pressure  -  The pressure exerted upon the earth's surface by the air because of the gravitational attraction of the earth.

B

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• Bladder Accumulator  -  A cylindrical pressure vessel that is used to store hydraulic fluid for future release of potential energy by a compressible gas in the bladder.
• Bleed  -  The process by which air is removed from a hydraulic system.
• Bypass  -  A secondary passage for fluid flow.

C

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• Cavitation  -  A localized gaseous condition within a liquid stream that occurs where the pressure is reduced to the vapor pressure.
• Compressed Air  -  Air at any pressure greater than atmospheric pressure.
• Compressibility  -  The change in volume under external forces for any liquid.
• Cracking Pressure  -  The amount of pressure at which a pressure operated valve, also called relief valve, begins to allow a small flow rate of fluid to pass.
• Cycle  -  A single complete operation of a component which begins and ends in a neutral position.
• Cylinder  -  A device for converting fluid power into linear or circular motion.

D

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• Displacement  -  The volume of oil displaced by one complete stroke or revolution of a pump, motor, or cylinder.
• Double-Acting Cylinder - A cylinder in which fluid force can be applied to the movable element in either direction.

E

F

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• Filter  -  A device which removes solids from a fluid.
• Flow Rate  -  Measure the amount of fluid that flows in a given time past a specific point if the temperature and pressure were at standard conditions.
• Fluid Film  -  Interaction between metal surfaces is greatly reduced by having a lubricating film between them.
• Fluid Power  -  Energy transmitted and controlled through use of a pressurized fluid.
• Fluid Power System  -  The transmission and control of power through the use of fluid pressure.
• Fluid Pressure  -  Fluid at rest, exerts a force perpendicular to any surface in comes in contact with.
• Force  -  The push or pull of an object resulting in a change from rest or motion.
• Friction  -  The mechanical resistance to the relative movement of two surfaces.
• Friction Loss  -  How much loss of flow through a pipe is due to the viscosity, the measure of the internal friction/resistance to the flow of a liquid near the surface of the pipe.

G

H

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• Heat  -  A form of energy that causes physical change in what is being heated.
• Horsepower  -  A measure of power or the rate of doing work.
• Hydraulic Balance  -  Equal opposed hydraulic forces acting on an art in a hydraulic component.
• Hydraulic Control  -  A control which is actuated by hydraulically induced forces.
• Hydraulic Fluid  -  A liquid such as oil or water that is used to generate power in a hydraulic system.
• Hydraulic Power  -  Power coming from the motion and pressure of a liquid.
• Hydraulic Pump  -  A device that converts mechanical force from motion into fluid power.
• Hydraulic Valve  -  A device used to regulate fluid distribution.

I

J

K

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• Kinetic Energy  -  The energy an object possesses by virtue of its motion.  If it moves, it has kinetic energy.

L

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• Liquid  -  A specific volume and can hold any shape it is contained within.

M

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• Manual Control  -  A control actuated by the operator, regardless of the means of actuation.
• Manual Override  -  A means of manually actuating an automatically controlled device.
• Maximum Rated Pressure  -  The maximum pressure at which a component should be operated on a continuous basis, usually the relief valve setting at maximum flow rate.

N

O

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• Operating Pressure  -  The pressure at which a system is normally operated.
• Orifice Plate  -  Measures the flow of a liquid or gas by the difference in pressure from the upstream to the downstream.

P

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• Pipe  -  A hollow tube that can carry products such as fluid, gas, granular and more.
• Positive Displacement Pump  -  A pump that has the inlet sealed from the outlet.
• Pressure  -  The force exerted perpendicular to the surface of an object and is expressed as force per unit area.
• Pressure Loss  -  The difference in pressure between two points, usually caused by friction resistance in the pipe, but moisture can also affect it.
• Pressure Switch  -  A switch operated by rise or drop in fluid pressure.
• Pulsation  -  Repeated small fluctuation of pressure within a circuit.

Q

R

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• Radial Piston Pump  -  Where the pistons are set perpendicular to the pump’s center.
• Rated Load  -  The maximum capacity as specified by the equipment nameplate.
• Rated Pressure  -  The operating pressure which is recommended for a component or a system by the manufacturer.
• Reservoir  -  A container for keeping a supply of working fluid in a hydraulic system.
• Return Line  -  A line used to carry exhaust fluid from the actuator back to sump.

S

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• Shear Stress  -  To deform the material by breaking rather than stretching without changing the volume by restraining the object.
• Specific Gravity  -  The density or ratio of any substance to another substance.
• Static Pressure  -  The difference in air pressure between the suction side and pressure side of a blower.
• Static Seal  -  This is a seal that does not move.
• Strainer  -  Closed vessels that collect solid particles to be separated while passing a fluid through a removable screen.
• Suction Pressure  -  The absolute pressure of the fluid at the inlet side of the pump.
• Surge  -  A momentary rise of pressure in a hydraulic circuit.
• System Pressure  -  The pressure which overcomes the total resistances in a system. It includes all losses as well as useful work.

T

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• Thermal Expansion  -  The increase in length, area or volume due to the increase (in some cased decrease) in temperature.
• Torque  -  A type of force that is applied to an object that results in the object rotating around an axis.

U

V

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• Valve Stack  -  A series of control valves in a stack with common end plates and a common oil inlet and outlet.
• Vapor Pressure  -  A substance is the pressure at a certain temperature when the liquid and vapor are in equilibrium.
• Velocity  -  The rate of change or displacement with time.
• Viscosity  -  The measure of the internal friction/resistance to the flow of a liquid.
• Volume  -  The space occupied by a mass.

W

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• Work  -  Action done or applied force on an object that displaces the object.
• Working Pressure  -  The pressure which overcomes the resistance of the working device.

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