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- Bleed Ring - Inserted between two butt welding joints before welding to allow for complete penetration.
- Barlow's Formula - The point just before or at when a pipe or tubing fails under pressure.
- Beam Design Formulas - Formulas that calculate the loads on structural beams.
- Belled End Fittings - Used instead of buttwelded fittings. They are a lot faster to install because there is no nead to bevel the connecting pipe and because making up the weld is a lot faster.
- Bernoulli's Equation - A way of describing the conservation of energy principle in an incompressible fluid.
- Black Pipe - Lacquered outside diameter of the pipe.
- Burr - A small piece of metal remaining on the edge after machining. It is normally removed or deburred by grinding or milling the object.
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- Casing in a Well - There are different types of casing found in production, steam or water injection, or gas wells.
- Casing Vapor Recovery -
- Cathodic Protection - A method used to control corrosion on the surface of a metal which can be above or below ground pipes, tanks, vessels, etc.
- Cement Lined Pipe - Cement Lined Pipe is pipe that is internally coated with a mortar like compound that acts as a barrier between the carbon steel pipe and the process.
- Cold Bending - The bending of pipe to a predetermined radius at any temperature below some specified phase change or transformation temperature but especially at or near room temperature.
- Cold Working - Ordinarily done at room temperature, but may be done at the temperature and rate at which strain hardening occures.
- Continuity Equation - The moving of a quantity through a pipe in a steady flow.
- Copper Pipe - Copper tubing has many uses and is used in just about every industry. It is most often seen in domestic water supplies and used for potable water.
- Corrosion - The thinning of a pipe wall that is typically caused by a chemical reaction from a corroding fluid or agent and is limited almost exclusively to metal products.
- Corrosion Allowance - The amount of material in a pipe or vessel that is available for corrosion without affecting the pressure containing integrity.
- Corrugated Steel Pipe -
- Cut Length - Straight pipe comes in random, double random, and cut lengths. Random lengths are from 18 to 25 feet, and sometimes double random lengths from 38 to 48 feet.
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- Darcy-Weisbach Equation - The most common way of expressing the pressure drop of a piped fluid.
- Density - The ratio of the amount of matter in an object compared to its volume.
- Dew Point - The temperature at which air must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor.
- Double Extra Strong - This is a standard pipe weight designation and is abbreviated as XXS.
- Double Random Length - A line pipe with the shortest possible length of 22' or as defined by specifications.
- Draw Pipe - Pipe brought to the final dimensions by drawing through a die.
- Drill Pipe - Pipe used in the drilling of an oil or gas well. This pipe is the conduit between the wellhead motor and the drill bit.
- Dynamic Pressure - The amount of total pressure resulting from the media velocity.
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- Electric Furnace - A method to produce steel, basically from scrap metal.
- Extra Strong - A standard pipe weight and abbreviated as XS, also described as extra heavy (XH).
- Extruded Pipe - Pipe produced from hollow or solid round forgings, usally in a hydraulic extrusion press.
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- Fitting - A piping component that is used to join piping, change the direction or diameter of piping or end the pipe.
- Flange - A bolted connection where two pieces of pipe, equipment, fittings or valves are connected together to form a piping system.
- Flexural Strength - The measure of a materials ability to withstand a specified deformation under a beam load.
- Flow Line - A pipe that that carries oil, gas or water from the wellhead to a well-test manifold or production facilities.
- Flow Rate - The amount of fluid that flows in a given time past a specific point.
- Fluid Pressure - Fluid at rest, exerts a force perpendicular to any surface in comes in contact with.
- Fluid Velocity - How fast the process is traveling in a pipe.
- Friction - The mechanical resistance to the relative movement of two surfaces.
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- Galvanic Corrosion - Corrosive action occuring when two dissimilar metals are in contact and are joined by a solution capable of conducting an electric current, a condition which causes a flow of electric current and corrosion of the more anodic of the two metals.
- Gathering Line - A pipe that that carries oil, gas or water from the wellhead to a well-test manifold or production facilities.
- General Pipe Standards - There are a lot of standards and specifications that cover various types of pipe.
- Grade - A class of steel defining amongst others, chemistry, tensile strength, and yield strength
requirements.
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- Head Pressure - The pressure at a specific point to the vertical distance at another specific point.
- Hoop Stress - The circumferential and perpendicular stress to the axis imposed on a cylinder wall when exposed to an internal pressure load.
- Hydraulic Radius - The area cross-section of water in a pipe or channel divided by the wetting perimeter.
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- Iron Pipe Size - Originally established for wrought iron pipe. ASME B36.10M - Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe lists these dimensions.
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- Kinematic Viscosity - The ratio of dynamic viscosity to density or the resistive flow of a fluid under the influance of gravity.
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- Manifold - At its most basic level, a piping manifold is a wide pipe that serves as a collector for several smaller pipes.
- Mass - The amount of matter an object has.
- Mass Flow Rate - The average velocity of a mass that passes by a point.
- Material Hardness - The property of a material that enables it to resist plastic deformation, usually by penetration.
- Mechanical Properties - During the use of a material external forces are applied to the material.
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- Nominal Diameter - The external size diameter designated of pipe or threads.
- Nominal Pipe Size - The external size diameter designated of pipe or threads.
- Non-metallic Pipe - There are several advantages and limitations between using metallic or nonmetallic materials instead of using steel piping.
- Normal Pressure - The working pressure that a system operates at.
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- Operating Pressure - The level of pressure at which a component, pipe, tube, hose or other fluid passage will experience during application of maximum expected fluid pressure.
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- Pascal's Law - The increase in pressure is uniformly applied in all directions in a confined fluidPipe
- Pipe Bore - A hole or inside diameter in a cylinder or object. It is commonly used in piping, pipe fittings and pipe flanges.
- Pipe End - A pipe end is the description of how the section of pipe ends. There are three main types of pipe ends: beveled, threaded or plain.
- Pipe Inch to Meter Conversion -
- Pipe Pressure per ASME B31.1 (104.1.2) - The pressure rating of comparable pipe material to fitting material.
- Pipe Pressure per ASME B31.3 (304.1.2) - The pressure rating of comparable pipe material to fitting material.
- Pipe Rack - Is used to support piping, instrumentation, cable tray and other components in a process facility.
- Pipe Schedule - The term used to describe the thickness of a pipe.
- Pipe Tap - Uses a cutting tool to create internal threads in a hole or pipe. It is specifically designed to create threads that conform to standard pipe thread sizes and specifications.
- Piping One-line Drawing - A piping single line drawing is a piping drawing that shows the size and location of pipes, fittings and valves.
- Piping System Labeling Scheme - ASME standard suggests labeling all pipes, it is required for pipes to be labeled.
- Pipeline Parameter - Proportional to maximum water hammer pressure rise and static pressure.
- Pipeline Pigging - A PIG is a Pipeline Inspection Gauge. PIG's scrape the inside of the pipeline and perform cleaning maintenance on the wall.
- Porosity - Presence of gas pockets or voids in metal.
- Pressure - It is the force exerted perpendicular to the surface of an object and is expressed as force per unit area.
- Pressure Differential - The pressure difference between two points of a system.
- Pressure Loss - The difference in upstream and downstream pressure.
- Pressure Rating - The estimated maximum pressure a liquid can exert continuously inside the pipe at which the pipe will not fail. Normally 1.5 times working pressure.
- Proof Pressure - The pressure at which a component, pipe, tube, hose or other fluid passage will not yield during application of internal pressure.
- Pup - is a short length of pipe, typically six inches in length or less that connects two piping components.
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- Quenching - A process of quickly cooling an elevated temperature.
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- Random Length - Straight pipe comes in random, double random, and cut length. Random lengths (RL)are from 18 to 25 feet, and sometimes double random lengths from 38 to 48 feet.
- Resistance Welding - A group of welding processes used to weld metal using electric current to force join by pressure of the metals.
- Restrained Anchored Pipe Stress -
- Reynolds Number - Measures the ratio of inertial forces (forces that remain at rest or in uniform motion) to viscosity forces (the resistance to flow).
- Rolled Pipe - Pipe produced from a forged billet which is pierced by a conical mandrel between to diametrically opposing rolls.
- Roll Forming - A continuous bending operation in which a long strip of metal (typically coiled steel) is passed through consecutive sets of rolls, or stands, each performing only an incremental part of the bend, until the desired cross-section profile is obtained.
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- Schedule Number - A number system setup by ANSI and ASME for the purpose of standardization to designate the size of a pipe.
- Single Random Length - Lne pipe with a 17.5' minimum average length or as defined by specifications.
- Sleeve - Pipe which is passed through a wall for the purpose of inserting another pipe through it.
- Slug Flow - Occurs when the speed of the vapor phase pushes the waves from the wavy flow regime onto each other.
- Specific Gravity - The density or ratio of any substance to another substance.
- Specific Weight - The weight per unit volume of a substance.
- Specific Volume - The volume in a unit of mass.
- Spiral Welded - A method of manufacturing pipe by coiling a plate into a helix and fusion welded the overlapped or abutted edges.
- Spiral-welded Pipe - Formed by twisting strips of metal into a spiral shape, similar to a barber. A pole, then welding where the edges join one another to form a seam.
- Spiral Wound Pipe - Spiral-welded pipe is formed by twisting strips of metal into a spiral shape, similar to a barber. A pole, then welding where the edges join one another to form a seam.
- Spool - A pipe spool is a section of pipe that is created in a fabrication shop.
- Standard Dimension Ratio - A dimensionless term that comes from dividing the average outside diameter of the pipe by the minimum pipe wall thickness.
- Standard Weight - A piping designation that denotes the wall thickness.
- Static Pressure - The pressure when no water is flowing.
- Statically Cast Pipe - Pipe formed by the solidification of molten metal in a sand mold.
- Stress - The force per unit area of cross-section.
- Swaging - Reducing the ends of the pipe and tube sections with rotating dies which are passed intermittently against the pipe or tube end.
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- Tension Strength - The capacity of a material to resist a force tending to stretch it.
- Thermal Expansion - The increase in length, area or volume due to the increase (in some cased decrease) in temperature.
- Thermoplastic - A plastic which is capable of repeatedly softened by the increase of temperature and hardened by the decrease of temperatsure.
- Thixotropic Liquid - The viscosity of a liquid decreases as agitation is increased at a constant temperature.
- Torque - The rotational force used to move a shart.
- Toughness - The ability of a material to absorb considerable energy without fracturing.
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- Valve - A mechanism used to stop or open and regulate flow.
- Vapor - The gas state of a liquid or solid. Both vapor and gas are basically the same thing.
- Vapor Pressure - The pressure at a certain temperature when the liquid and vapor are in equilibrium.
- Velocity - The rate of change or displacement with time
- Volumetric Flow Rate - The amount of fluid that flows in a given time past a specific point.
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- Wash - A casting defect resulting from erosion of sand by metal flowing over the mold or corded surfaces. They appear as rough spots and excess metal on the casting surface.
- Water Hammer - Occurs when a valve is suddenly opened or closed.
- Water Hardening - Process of hardening high carbon steels by quenching in water or brine, after heating.
- Weight for Steel Bars, Pipe, and Tubing (lb) -
- Welded End - Description used to describe an end connection type. A non beveled end type connection would be used on a socket weld or a slip on flange type connection.
- Welding - The fabrication process that fuses like materials togeather by heating them to a suitable temperatures, this can be acomplished by brazing, soldering or welding.
- Working Pressure - The normal pressure that a system operates at.
- Wrought Iron - A commercially pure iron, having a very small carbon content (carbon content does not exceed 0.15 per cent), but usually contains some slag.
- Wrought Iron Pipe - Used for the water supply in older houses. Wrought iron does not fuse easily so it cannot be cast.
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- Yield - The ratio of the quantity of finished shipments to the total raw steel produced, adjusted for changes in inventory and any slabs that are ourchased from outside.
- Yield Strength - The minimum stress that leads to permanent deformation of the material.
- Young's Modulus - Measures the stiffness of an elastic material.
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Pipe
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